All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What type of survivorship curve might a tree with many seeds have?
Answer: Type III. Mass seed production with minimal investment per individual seed.
Flashcard 2: What shape is associated with a Type III curve?
Answer: Convex. The curve bulges outward, showing rapid early decline in survival.
Flashcard 3: What shape does a Type II survivorship curve form?
Answer: Linear. A straight diagonal line represents constant mortality rate across all ages.
Flashcard 4: Which type of curve describes constant risk of death?
Answer: Type II. Age-independent mortality means death probability stays constant throughout life.
Flashcard 5: Identify the curve type for species with high early-life investment.
Answer: Type I. K-selected species prioritize offspring quality through substantial resource investment.
Flashcard 6: Describe a Type III survivorship curve.
Answer: High mortality in early life, few survivors live long. Most offspring die young, but those that survive have good longevity prospects.
Flashcard 7: Which curve type is typical for species in unpredictable environments?
Answer: Type III. High reproductive output strategy works well in variable environmental conditions.
Flashcard 8: State the main difference between Type II and Type III curves.
Answer: Type II has constant mortality; Type III has high early mortality. Type II maintains steady mortality while Type III front-loads deaths early.
Flashcard 9: What type of curve is seen in organisms with low juvenile mortality?
Answer: Type I. Strong early survival indicates effective protection during vulnerable life stages.
Flashcard 10: What does a Type II curve imply about age-specific survival rates?
Answer: They are uniform across ages. Constant mortality rate means age doesn't affect an individual's death probability.
Flashcard 11: In which type of curve do few individuals reach maturity?
Answer: Type III. Extreme juvenile mortality prevents most offspring from reaching reproductive maturity.
Flashcard 12: Which curve type indicates a species with constant age-specific mortality?
Answer: Type II. Mortality probability remains unchanged regardless of the organism's current age.
Flashcard 13: Which curve type is associated with a steep initial decline?
Answer: Type III. Rapid early mortality creates a characteristic sharp downward curve slope.
Flashcard 14: Which survivorship curve is likely for animals with high early mortality?
Answer: Type III. Most deaths occur in juvenile stages before reproductive maturity.
Flashcard 15: Which survivorship curve often results in stable population sizes?
Answer: Type I. High early survival rates lead to predictable population demographics.
Flashcard 16: What type of curve is associated with organisms producing many offspring?
Answer: Type III. Quantity-over-quality reproductive strategy maximizes potential population growth.
Flashcard 17: What curve type is likely for a species with a high survival rate in youth?
Answer: Type I. Strong early survival indicates significant parental investment and care strategies.
Flashcard 18: Which type of survivorship curve suggests a high birth rate?
Answer: Type III. High reproductive output compensates for extremely high juvenile mortality rates.
Flashcard 19: In which type of curve does mortality occur after reproductive age?
Answer: Type I. Most individuals survive to reproduce before experiencing age-related mortality.
Flashcard 20: How does a Type II curve differ from a Type I?
Answer: Type II has a constant mortality rate. Type I shows age-dependent mortality while Type II shows age-independent mortality.
Flashcard 21: Which type of curve may indicate a balanced age structure?
Answer: Type II. Consistent mortality across age groups creates stable demographic patterns.
Flashcard 22: Which curve type is more likely in stable environments?
Answer: Type I. Stable conditions favor species with low juvenile mortality and extended lifespans.
Flashcard 23: Which organisms usually exhibit a Type III curve?
Answer: Fish, insects, and plants. R-selected species that produce many offspring with minimal parental investment.
Flashcard 24: Identify organisms that typically follow a Type II curve.
Answer: Birds and some reptiles. Species with moderate parental investment and relatively stable mortality rates.
Flashcard 25: What type of organisms typically follow a Type I curve?
Answer: Humans and large mammals. K-selected species that invest heavily in parental care and offspring survival.
Flashcard 26: What characterizes a Type II survivorship curve?
Answer: A constant death rate throughout lifespan. Mortality probability remains the same regardless of age throughout the organism's life.
Flashcard 27: What is a Type I survivorship curve?
Answer: A curve where most individuals survive to old age. Characterized by low juvenile mortality and high survival rates until old age.
Flashcard 28: Which curve type is seen in many annual plants?
Answer: Type III. Annual plants produce many seeds but most fail to establish successfully.
Flashcard 29: What is the typical lifespan pattern in Type II curves?
Answer: Uniform survivorship throughout life. Equal probability of death at any age creates steady population decline.
Flashcard 30: Identify the curve type with the least parental care.
Answer: Type III. Minimal parental investment results in high offspring mortality rates.