Survivorship Curves - AP Environmental Science
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What type of survivorship curve might a tree with many seeds have?
What type of survivorship curve might a tree with many seeds have?
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Type III. Mass seed production with minimal investment per individual seed.
Type III. Mass seed production with minimal investment per individual seed.
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What shape is associated with a Type III curve?
What shape is associated with a Type III curve?
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Convex. The curve bulges outward, showing rapid early decline in survival.
Convex. The curve bulges outward, showing rapid early decline in survival.
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What shape does a Type II survivorship curve form?
What shape does a Type II survivorship curve form?
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Linear. A straight diagonal line represents constant mortality rate across all ages.
Linear. A straight diagonal line represents constant mortality rate across all ages.
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Which type of curve describes constant risk of death?
Which type of curve describes constant risk of death?
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Type II. Age-independent mortality means death probability stays constant throughout life.
Type II. Age-independent mortality means death probability stays constant throughout life.
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Identify the curve type for species with high early-life investment.
Identify the curve type for species with high early-life investment.
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Type I. K-selected species prioritize offspring quality through substantial resource investment.
Type I. K-selected species prioritize offspring quality through substantial resource investment.
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Describe a Type III survivorship curve.
Describe a Type III survivorship curve.
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High mortality in early life, few survivors live long. Most offspring die young, but those that survive have good longevity prospects.
High mortality in early life, few survivors live long. Most offspring die young, but those that survive have good longevity prospects.
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Which curve type is typical for species in unpredictable environments?
Which curve type is typical for species in unpredictable environments?
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Type III. High reproductive output strategy works well in variable environmental conditions.
Type III. High reproductive output strategy works well in variable environmental conditions.
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State the main difference between Type II and Type III curves.
State the main difference between Type II and Type III curves.
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Type II has constant mortality; Type III has high early mortality. Type II maintains steady mortality while Type III front-loads deaths early.
Type II has constant mortality; Type III has high early mortality. Type II maintains steady mortality while Type III front-loads deaths early.
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What type of curve is seen in organisms with low juvenile mortality?
What type of curve is seen in organisms with low juvenile mortality?
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Type I. Strong early survival indicates effective protection during vulnerable life stages.
Type I. Strong early survival indicates effective protection during vulnerable life stages.
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What does a Type II curve imply about age-specific survival rates?
What does a Type II curve imply about age-specific survival rates?
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They are uniform across ages. Constant mortality rate means age doesn't affect an individual's death probability.
They are uniform across ages. Constant mortality rate means age doesn't affect an individual's death probability.
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In which type of curve do few individuals reach maturity?
In which type of curve do few individuals reach maturity?
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Type III. Extreme juvenile mortality prevents most offspring from reaching reproductive maturity.
Type III. Extreme juvenile mortality prevents most offspring from reaching reproductive maturity.
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Which curve type indicates a species with constant age-specific mortality?
Which curve type indicates a species with constant age-specific mortality?
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Type II. Mortality probability remains unchanged regardless of the organism's current age.
Type II. Mortality probability remains unchanged regardless of the organism's current age.
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Which curve type is associated with a steep initial decline?
Which curve type is associated with a steep initial decline?
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Type III. Rapid early mortality creates a characteristic sharp downward curve slope.
Type III. Rapid early mortality creates a characteristic sharp downward curve slope.
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Which survivorship curve is likely for animals with high early mortality?
Which survivorship curve is likely for animals with high early mortality?
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Type III. Most deaths occur in juvenile stages before reproductive maturity.
Type III. Most deaths occur in juvenile stages before reproductive maturity.
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Which survivorship curve often results in stable population sizes?
Which survivorship curve often results in stable population sizes?
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Type I. High early survival rates lead to predictable population demographics.
Type I. High early survival rates lead to predictable population demographics.
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What type of curve is associated with organisms producing many offspring?
What type of curve is associated with organisms producing many offspring?
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Type III. Quantity-over-quality reproductive strategy maximizes potential population growth.
Type III. Quantity-over-quality reproductive strategy maximizes potential population growth.
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What curve type is likely for a species with a high survival rate in youth?
What curve type is likely for a species with a high survival rate in youth?
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Type I. Strong early survival indicates significant parental investment and care strategies.
Type I. Strong early survival indicates significant parental investment and care strategies.
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Which type of survivorship curve suggests a high birth rate?
Which type of survivorship curve suggests a high birth rate?
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Type III. High reproductive output compensates for extremely high juvenile mortality rates.
Type III. High reproductive output compensates for extremely high juvenile mortality rates.
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In which type of curve does mortality occur after reproductive age?
In which type of curve does mortality occur after reproductive age?
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Type I. Most individuals survive to reproduce before experiencing age-related mortality.
Type I. Most individuals survive to reproduce before experiencing age-related mortality.
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How does a Type II curve differ from a Type I?
How does a Type II curve differ from a Type I?
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Type II has a constant mortality rate. Type I shows age-dependent mortality while Type II shows age-independent mortality.
Type II has a constant mortality rate. Type I shows age-dependent mortality while Type II shows age-independent mortality.
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Which type of curve may indicate a balanced age structure?
Which type of curve may indicate a balanced age structure?
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Type II. Consistent mortality across age groups creates stable demographic patterns.
Type II. Consistent mortality across age groups creates stable demographic patterns.
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Which curve type is more likely in stable environments?
Which curve type is more likely in stable environments?
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Type I. Stable conditions favor species with low juvenile mortality and extended lifespans.
Type I. Stable conditions favor species with low juvenile mortality and extended lifespans.
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Which organisms usually exhibit a Type III curve?
Which organisms usually exhibit a Type III curve?
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Fish, insects, and plants. R-selected species that produce many offspring with minimal parental investment.
Fish, insects, and plants. R-selected species that produce many offspring with minimal parental investment.
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Identify organisms that typically follow a Type II curve.
Identify organisms that typically follow a Type II curve.
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Birds and some reptiles. Species with moderate parental investment and relatively stable mortality rates.
Birds and some reptiles. Species with moderate parental investment and relatively stable mortality rates.
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What type of organisms typically follow a Type I curve?
What type of organisms typically follow a Type I curve?
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Humans and large mammals. K-selected species that invest heavily in parental care and offspring survival.
Humans and large mammals. K-selected species that invest heavily in parental care and offspring survival.
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What characterizes a Type II survivorship curve?
What characterizes a Type II survivorship curve?
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A constant death rate throughout lifespan. Mortality probability remains the same regardless of age throughout the organism's life.
A constant death rate throughout lifespan. Mortality probability remains the same regardless of age throughout the organism's life.
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What is a Type I survivorship curve?
What is a Type I survivorship curve?
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A curve where most individuals survive to old age. Characterized by low juvenile mortality and high survival rates until old age.
A curve where most individuals survive to old age. Characterized by low juvenile mortality and high survival rates until old age.
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Which curve type is seen in many annual plants?
Which curve type is seen in many annual plants?
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Type III. Annual plants produce many seeds but most fail to establish successfully.
Type III. Annual plants produce many seeds but most fail to establish successfully.
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What is the typical lifespan pattern in Type II curves?
What is the typical lifespan pattern in Type II curves?
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Uniform survivorship throughout life. Equal probability of death at any age creates steady population decline.
Uniform survivorship throughout life. Equal probability of death at any age creates steady population decline.
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Identify the curve type with the least parental care.
Identify the curve type with the least parental care.
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Type III. Minimal parental investment results in high offspring mortality rates.
Type III. Minimal parental investment results in high offspring mortality rates.
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