All flashcards
Flashcard 1: State the formula for calculating power.
Answer: P=tW. Power is the rate of energy transfer.
Flashcard 2: Which form of energy is associated with motion?
Answer: Kinetic energy. Energy of moving objects.
Flashcard 3: Identify the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).
Answer: Joule (J). Named after physicist James Prescott Joule.
Flashcard 4: Which form of energy is utilized in wind turbines?
Answer: Kinetic energy of wind. Moving air spins turbine blades to generate electricity.
Flashcard 5: What is the definition of electrical energy?
Answer: Energy from the flow of electric charge. Energy carried by moving electrons in conductors.
Flashcard 6: Identify the energy transfer in a simple pendulum.
Answer: Potential energy to kinetic energy and vice versa. Maximum potential at highest point, maximum kinetic at lowest.
Flashcard 7: Identify one non-renewable energy source.
Answer: Coal. Fossil fuel formed from ancient plant matter.
Flashcard 8: What is the primary environmental concern of nuclear energy?
Answer: Radioactive waste. Long-term storage and disposal challenges remain.
Flashcard 9: What does the term 'energy conservation' mean?
Answer: Reducing energy use through efficient measures. Includes both efficiency improvements and behavioral changes.
Flashcard 10: What is the definition of potential energy?
Answer: Energy possessed by an object due to its position or condition. Stored energy ready to do work.
Flashcard 11: Which energy source is known for having the highest energy density?
Answer: Nuclear energy. Small amounts produce enormous energy through fission.
Flashcard 12: State the relationship between work and energy.
Answer: Work is the transfer of energy by a force. Work equals force times distance.
Flashcard 13: What is the primary advantage of solar energy?
Answer: It is a clean and renewable energy source. No greenhouse gas emissions during operation.
Flashcard 14: What is the definition of thermal energy?
Answer: Total kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Related to temperature and molecular motion.
Flashcard 15: What is the definition of energy efficiency?
Answer: Ratio of useful output energy to total input energy. Always less than 100% due to energy losses.
Flashcard 16: What is the main byproduct of burning fossil fuels?
Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂). Primary greenhouse gas contributing to climate change.
Flashcard 17: What is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy?
Answer: Total mechanical energy remains constant if only conservative forces act. Energy transforms between kinetic and potential forms.
Flashcard 18: Identify a consequence of high energy consumption.
Answer: Increased greenhouse gas emissions. Higher demand increases fossil fuel combustion.
Flashcard 19: State the formula for calculating kinetic energy.
Answer: KE=21mv2. Where m is mass and v is velocity.
Flashcard 20: Identify the energy transformation in a hydroelectric dam.
Answer: Potential energy to kinetic energy to electrical energy. Water falls, spins turbines, generates electricity.
Flashcard 21: What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. Also known as conservation of energy principle.
Flashcard 22: Identify a major disadvantage of fossil fuels.
Answer: Environmental pollution. Releases harmful emissions and contributes to climate change.
Flashcard 23: Which law explains why perpetual motion machines are impossible?
Answer: The second law of thermodynamics. Entropy increase prevents 100% efficiency.
Flashcard 24: Identify the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).
Answer: Joule (J). Named after physicist James Prescott Joule.
Flashcard 25: Identify one method to improve energy efficiency in homes.
Answer: Installing energy-efficient appliances. Reduces energy waste and lowers utility bills.
Flashcard 26: Which device is used to measure energy consumption?
Answer: Electricity meter. Records electrical energy usage in kilowatt-hours.
Flashcard 27: What does the term 'renewable energy' refer to?
Answer: Energy from sources that are naturally replenished. Examples include solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
Flashcard 28: State the common unit used for measuring electricity consumption.
Answer: Kilowatt-hour (kWh). Equals 1000 watts used for one hour.
Flashcard 29: What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
Answer: Entropy of an isolated system always increases. Systems naturally move toward greater disorder.
Flashcard 30: Identify a key benefit of using geothermal energy.
Answer: Low greenhouse gas emissions. Minimal carbon footprint and reliable baseload power.