All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which demographic transition stage is associated with industrialization?
Answer: Stage 2. Industrial development improves living standards and healthcare access.
Flashcard 2: Which stage may involve net migration as a demographic factor?
Answer: Stage 4. Immigration may compensate for low natural population growth.
Flashcard 3: Identify the stage of rapid population growth.
Answer: Stage 2. Population explodes as death rates fall faster than birth rates.
Flashcard 4: What is a key feature of the demographic transition model?
Answer: Transition from high to low birth and death rates. Tracks population changes from pre-industrial to modern societies.
Flashcard 5: What is the primary demographic trend in Stage 5?
Answer: Declining birth rates and aging population. Advanced societies may face population shrinkage challenges.
Flashcard 6: Which stage is marked by stable population growth?
Answer: Stage 4. Birth and death rates reach equilibrium near replacement level.
Flashcard 7: What change in birth rates occurs during Stage 4?
Answer: Birth rates stabilize. Fertility reaches replacement level, ending population growth.
Flashcard 8: What demographic trend is significant in Stage 4 countries?
Answer: Aging population. Longer lifespans create larger elderly populations over time.
Flashcard 9: What is one consequence of an aging population in Stage 5?
Answer: Higher healthcare costs. More elderly require expensive medical care and social services.
Flashcard 10: In which stage do countries typically have a high dependency ratio?
Answer: Stage 5. Many elderly relative to working-age population creates economic burden.
Flashcard 11: What is the primary cause of population stabilization in Stage 4?
Answer: Balanced birth and death rates. Both rates reach low, stable levels creating zero growth.
Flashcard 12: Identify the stage where technological advancement influences population growth.
Answer: Stage 2. Industrial innovations improve nutrition, sanitation, and medicine.
Flashcard 13: Identify the stage where life expectancy increases significantly.
Answer: Stage 2. Healthcare improvements dramatically extend average lifespan.
Flashcard 14: In which stage do population growth rates begin to decline?
Answer: Stage 3. Birth rates start falling as economic conditions improve.
Flashcard 15: What is a key feature of the demographic transition model?
Answer: Transition from high to low birth and death rates. Tracks population changes from pre-industrial to modern societies.
Flashcard 16: Which stage might experience population decline?
Answer: Stage 5. Birth rates may fall below replacement level in developed nations.
Flashcard 17: Which stage experiences a demographic shift due to urbanization?
Answer: Stage 3. City growth changes family economics and reproductive behavior.
Flashcard 18: What characterizes the pre-industrial stage?
Answer: High birth and death rates. Limited medical care and high infant mortality define this stage.
Flashcard 19: Which stage is marked by changes in women's roles in society?
Answer: Stage 3. Women gain education and career opportunities, delaying childbearing.
Flashcard 20: Identify a social change during Stage 3.
Answer: Increased access to education. Women's education and workforce participation reduce fertility.
Flashcard 21: What is a potential feature of Stage 5?
Answer: Aging population and declining birth rates. Below-replacement fertility leads to population shrinkage.
Flashcard 22: What is the primary demographic trend in Stage 5?
Answer: Declining birth rates and aging population. Advanced societies may face population shrinkage challenges.
Flashcard 23: What demographic change occurs in Stage 3?
Answer: Falling birth rates. Economic development and education reduce desired family size.
Flashcard 24: What demographic trend is observed during Stage 2?
Answer: Decreasing death rates. Medical advances reduce mortality while fertility stays high.
Flashcard 25: Which stage may involve net migration as a demographic factor?
Answer: Stage 4. Immigration may compensate for low natural population growth.
Flashcard 26: What is one effect of improved healthcare in Stage 2?
Answer: Reduced mortality rates. Better sanitation, vaccines, and medical care save lives.
Flashcard 27: Which stage is characterized by a demographic transition towards zero population growth?
Answer: Stage 4. Both birth and death rates stabilize at very low levels.
Flashcard 28: What is one demographic outcome of Stage 5?
Answer: Population decline. Birth rates drop below replacement, shrinking total population.
Flashcard 29: Identify a major demographic factor in Stage 4.
Answer: Low fertility rates. Contraception and economic factors reduce family sizes significantly.
Flashcard 30: What is the demographic transition model?
Answer: A model describing population change over time. Shows how birth and death rates change through economic development stages.