Theme: Poetry

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AP English Literature and Composition › Theme: Poetry

Questions 1 - 10
1

Adapted from “Solitary Death, make me thine own” in Underneath the Bough: A Book of Verses by Michael Field (pseudonym of Katherine Bradley and Edith Cooper) (1893)

Solitary Death, make me thine own,

And let us wander the bare fields together;

Yea, thou and I alone

Roving in unembittered unison forever.

I will not harry thy treasure-graves,

I do not ask thy still hands a lover;

My heart within me craves

To travel till we twain Time’s wilderness discover.

To sojourn with thee my soul was bred,

And I, the courtly sights of life refusing,

To the wide shadows fled,

And mused upon thee often as I fell a-musing.

Escaped from chaos, thy mother Night,

In her maiden breast a burthen that awed her,

By cavern waters white

Drew thee her first-born, her unfathered off-spring toward her.

On dewey plats, near twilight dingle,

She oft, to still thee from men’s sobs and curses

In thine ears a-tingle,

Pours her cool charms, her weird, reviving chaunt rehearses.

Though mortals menace thee or elude,

And from thy confines break in swift transgression.

Thou for thyself art sued

Of me, I claim thy cloudy purlieus my possession.

To a long freshwater, where the sea

Stirs the silver flux of the reeds and willows,

Come thou, and beckon me

To lie in the lull of the sand-sequestered billows:

Then take the life I have called my own

And to the liquid universe deliver;

Loosening my spirit’s zone,

Wrap round me as thy limbs the wind, the light, the river.

Which of the following is NOT a subject treated in the poem?

The unjustness of early death

Fear of death

The nature of loyal companionship

The origin of death

Solitary, internal philosophical reflection

Explanation

The only subject listed that is not treated in the poem is the unjustness of early death. While death is covered extensively, the idea of “fairness” or justice with relation to death is directly at odds with the poem's treatment of death not as an exchange or an intrusion, but a natural and philosophically fruitful part of life.

Fear of death (in others) is alluded to by “men’s sobs and curses.” The nature of loyal companionship is alluded to throughout, but especially in the second stanza. The metaphysical origin of death is said to be “mother night” (who herself “escaped from chaos”), and the poem itself functions as a philosophical reflection, in addition to referencing the speaker taking this action (“And I, the courtly sights of life refusing, / To the wide shadows fled, / And mused upon thee often as I fell a-musing.”)

2

In the desert

I saw a creature, naked, bestial,

Who, squatting upon the ground,

Held his heart in his hands,

And ate of it. (5)

I said, “Is it good, friend?”

“It is bitter—bitter,” he answered;

“But I like it

“Because it is bitter,

“And because it is my heart.” (10)

(1895)

The content of this passage can be said to be all but which of the following?

Existential

Surreal

Alarming

Fantastical

Sordid

Explanation

Sordid, or filthy, does not apply to the passage’s contents. The creature in the desert eating its own heart is an alarming, fantastical, and somewhat surreal image (creatures can’t literally eat their own organs and survive). The creature also poses existential questions (what does it mean to eat one’s own heart?) and debatably acts as an unstable metaphor.

Passage adapted from Stephen Crane’s “In the Desert” (1895)

3

Passage adapted from Edna St. Vincent Millay's "Spring" (1921).

To what purpose, April, do you return again?

Beauty is not enough.

You can no longer quiet me with the redness

Of leaves opening stickily.

I know what I know. 5

The sun is hot on my neck as I observe

The spikes of the crocus.

The smell of the earth is good.

It is apparent that there is no death.

But what does that signify? 10

Not only under the ground are the brains of men

Eaten by maggots.

Life in itself

Is nothing,

An empty cup, a flight of uncarpeted stairs. 15

It is not enough that yearly, down this hill,

April

Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers.

A prominent theme in the poem is that                     .

beauty and the apparent rebirth of nature in springtime do not make up for the ultimate reality of death

life is short, and so it is important to live fully and seize the day

the rebirth of nature during springtime proves that life ultimately overcomes death

the reality of death makes life itself that much more meaningful and precious in comparison

immortality is found through union with nature

Explanation

The central message of the poem is that the sense of new life that is associated with springtime is ultimately an illusion, and that death is certain. As the poem states, the coming of springtime "is not enough" to compensate for impending death.

The message of the poem is not that one should "seize the day" or that life is meaningful and precious, because life is ultimately considered to be nothing (see 13-15), regardless of how it is lived. It cannot be said that the rebirth of spring proves that life overcomes death, because the writer gives concrete evidence of the finality of death in lines 11-12. For the same reason, there is little support for the idea of immortality in the poem.

4

Batter my heart (Holy Sonnet 14)

1 Batter my heart, three-person'd God; for you
2 As yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend;
3 That I may rise, and stand, o'erthrow me, and bend
4 Your force, to break, blow, burn, and make me new.
5 I, like an usurp'd town, to another due,
6 Labour to admit you, but O, to no end.
7 Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,
8 But is captived, and proves weak or untrue.
9 Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved fain,
10 But am betroth'd unto your enemy;
11 Divorce me, untie, or break that knot again,
12 Take me to you, imprison me, for I,
13 Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,
14 Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.

At its most basic level, the theme of this poem is .

religion

warfare

romantic love

erotic love

reason

Explanation

At its most basic level, the theme of this sonnet is religion (that is, the poet's wish for God's more forceful intervention in his life).

5

So live, that when thy summons comes to join

The innumerable caravan, which moves

To that mysterious realm, where each shall take

His chamber in the silent halls of death,

Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night, (5)

Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed

By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave,

Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch

About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.

(1817)

This passage presents an extended meditation on what subject?

Death

Love

Travel

Sleep

Conviviality

Explanation

The poem not only mentions death specifically but also gives the reader advice about how to prepare to meet this death. The talk of travel and sleep is simply presenting metaphors for death. The passage is not at all concerned with love or liveliness (conviviality).

Passage adapted from William Cullen Bryant’s “Thanatopsis” (1817)

6

1 If but some vengeful god would call to me

2 From up the sky, and laugh: "Thou suffering thing,

3 Know that thy sorrow is my ecstasy,

4 That thy love's loss is my hate's profiting!"

5 Then would I bear it, clench myself, and die,

6 Steeled by the sense of ire unmerited;

7 Half-eased in that a Powerfuller than I

8 Had willed and meted me the tears I shed.

9 But not so. How arrives it joy lies slain,

10 And why unblooms the best hope ever sown?

11 —Crass Casualty obstructs the sun and rain,

12 And dicing Time for gladness casts a moan. . . .

13 These purblind Doomsters had as readily strown

14 Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain.

(1898)

Who or what is causing the speaker pain and suffering?

Casualty and Time (lines 10,11)

god (line 1)

love's loss (line 4)

a Powerfuller than I (line 7)

All of the answers

Explanation

Casualty and Time are causing the speaker pain and suffering. They are mentioned in lines 11 and 12. In line 13, the speaker refers to them as doomsters who strew blessings as pain: "These purblind Doomsters had as readily strown / Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain." It is not a god or a "Powerfuller than I" because the first 8 lines are devoted to explaining that it would be easier to accept pain if he knew a god, even a mean one, was behind his pain, but then right after considering this idea, the speaker says, "But not so" (line 9).

(Passage adapted from "Hap" by Thomas Hardy)

7

I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I

Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then?
But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?
Or snorted we in the Seven Sleepers’ den?
’Twas so; but this, all pleasures fancies be.
If ever any beauty I did see,
Which I desired, and got, ’twas but a dream of thee.

And now good-morrow to our waking souls,
Which watch not one another out of fear;
For love, all love of other sights controls,
And makes one little room an everywhere.
Let sea-discoverers to new worlds have gone,
Let maps to other, worlds on worlds have shown,
Let us possess one world, each hath one, and is one.

My face in thine eye, thine in mine appears,
And true plain hearts do in the faces rest;
Where can we find two better hemispheres,
Without sharp north, without declining west?
Whatever dies, was not mixed equally;
If our two loves be one, or, thou and I
Love so alike, that none do slacken, none can die.

(1633)

Throughout the poem, the speaker explores the relationship between                             .

Physical love and romantic love

Religious devotion and romantic love

Story-telling and romantic love

Global exploration and romantic love

None of these

Explanation

In the first stanza, Donne's speaker mediates on physical pleasure, recalling past lovers he "desired and got" as a mere "dream" of his current beloved. Now in the "good-morrow," it is not only that Donne and his lover are literally waking up, but that their "souls" are. Donne spends the remainder of the poem preoccupied with the physical and romantic coming together of lovers, working through how it is that they both are one but are also separate and matched.

While Donne does use global exploration as a metaphor in trying to work out this relationship, the poem itself is not about exploration.

Passage adapted from John Donne's "The Good Morrow" (1633).

8

To sit on rocks, to muse o'er flood and fell,

To slowly trace the forest's shady scene,
Where things that own not man's dominion dwell,
And mortal foot hath ne'er or rarely been;
To climb the trackless mountain all unseen,
With the wild flock that never needs a fold;
Alone o'er steeps and foaming falls to lean;
This is not solitude, 'tis but to hold
Converse with Nature's charms, and view her stores unrolled.

But midst the crowd, the hurry, the shock of men,
To hear, to see, to feel and to possess,
And roam alone, the world's tired denizen,
With none who bless us, none whom we can bless;
Minions of splendour shrinking from distress!
None that, with kindred consciousness endued,
If we were not, would seem to smile the less
Of all the flattered, followed, sought and sued;
This is to be alone; this, this is solitude!

What sense of isolation does Byron not identify in this poem?

familial

spiritual

intellectual

physical

emotional

Explanation

The first stanza emphasizes a feeling of physical separation from other people. In the second stanza, Bryon mentions feeling no sense of emotional, intellectual, or spiritual connection with those in the crowd. No mention is made of any type of family relationship.

Passage adapted from George Gordon (Lord Byron)'s "Solitude" (1813)

9

1 They are not long, the weeping and the laughter,

2 Love and desire and hate:

3 I think they have no portion in us after

4 We pass the gate.

5 They are not long, the days of wine and roses:

6 Out of a misty dream

7 Our path emerges for a while, then closes

8 Within a dream.

(1896)

This poem is primarily a meditation on                                         .

the brevity of life

the death of a friend

unrequited love

waking from a dream

the emotional ups and downs of life

Explanation

The main theme of this poem is the briefness of human life. Both stanzas open with "They are not long..." (lines 1, 5), stating that neither our human passions nor our days spent in this world are long. Likewise, both stanzas end with references to life ending.

Passage adapted from "They are not long" by Ernest Dowson (1896)

10

Tyger! Tyger! burning bright,

In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

In what distant deeps or skies
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand dare sieze the fire?

And what shoulder, & what art,
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hand? & what dread feet?

What the hammer? what the chain?
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?

When the stars threw down their spears,
And water'd heaven with their tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?

Tyger! Tyger! burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?

(1794)

Which of the following most accurately reflects the poem's central question?

How can a God who made gentle creatures also make a terrible tiger?

How can a tiger be so terrible?

Why is the world so tragic?

How can humans remain optimistic in a negative world?

How can a tiger survive among hateful humans?

Explanation

The questions at the end of each stanza wonder about a Creator and his ability to form a tiger. The line in stanza 5 (Did he who make the Lamb make thee?) wonders at how God could create such opposite animals.

Passage adapted from William Blake's "The Tyger" (1794)

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