All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the main function of antivirus software?
Answer: To detect, prevent, and remove malware. Software that protects computers by identifying and eliminating malicious programs.
Flashcard 2: What is the primary purpose of a firewall in computing?
Answer: To block unauthorized access to or from a private network. Acts as a barrier between trusted internal and untrusted external networks.
Flashcard 3: What is a strong password characteristic?
Answer: Includes a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Complexity makes passwords harder to crack through brute force attacks.
Flashcard 4: Which type of malware encrypts files and demands a ransom?
Answer: Ransomware. Encrypts victim's files and demands payment for the decryption key.
Flashcard 5: What is a sandbox in computing security?
Answer: An isolated environment to run untested code safely. Isolated execution prevents malicious code from affecting the main system.
Flashcard 6: Identify the practice of regularly backing up data.
Answer: Data Backup. Creates copies to restore data after corruption, deletion, or attacks.
Flashcard 7: What is the primary purpose of a firewall in computing?
Answer: To block unauthorized access to or from a private network. Acts as a barrier between trusted internal and untrusted external networks.
Flashcard 8: Which term describes malicious software designed to harm or exploit?
Answer: Malware. Software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to systems.
Flashcard 9: Identify the term for unauthorized access to a computer system.
Answer: Hacking. Gaining access to systems without permission to steal or damage data.
Flashcard 10: What is the main function of antivirus software?
Answer: To detect, prevent, and remove malware. Software that protects computers by identifying and eliminating malicious programs.
Flashcard 11: What is a strong password characteristic?
Answer: Includes a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Complexity makes passwords harder to crack through brute force attacks.
Flashcard 12: Which protocol is used to secure data transmission over the internet?
Answer: HTTPS. HTTP Secure encrypts data between browser and server using SSL/TLS.
Flashcard 13: Identify the term for unsolicited bulk email.
Answer: Spam. Unwanted email sent in bulk, often for advertising or malicious purposes.
Flashcard 14: What is phishing?
Answer: A method to steal sensitive information through deceptive emails. Fraudsters impersonate trusted entities to trick users into revealing data.
Flashcard 15: What action protects data by converting it into a secure format?
Answer: Encryption. Converts readable data into coded format to prevent unauthorized access.
Flashcard 16: Which practice involves updating software to fix vulnerabilities?
Answer: Patching. Updates fix security holes that could be exploited by attackers.
Flashcard 17: What is a brute force attack?
Answer: A trial-and-error method to decode encrypted data. Systematically tries all possible combinations to crack passwords or keys.
Flashcard 18: Identify a tool used to protect against data interception.
Answer: Encryption. Converts data into unreadable format to prevent eavesdropping attacks.
Flashcard 19: What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication?
Answer: To enhance security by requiring multiple verification steps. Combines something you know, have, and are for stronger authentication.
Flashcard 20: Which type of attack involves overwhelming a system with traffic?
Answer: DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service). Multiple compromised computers flood target with traffic to cause outages.
Flashcard 21: What is the function of a CAPTCHA?
Answer: To differentiate between human and automated access. Prevents automated bots from accessing systems meant for humans only.
Flashcard 22: Identify the component that isolates internal networks from external access.
Answer: Firewall. Controls network traffic flow based on predetermined security rules.
Flashcard 23: What is social engineering in the context of security?
Answer: Manipulating individuals to divulge confidential information. Psychological manipulation exploits human trust rather than technical vulnerabilities.
Flashcard 24: What does 'zero-day vulnerability' refer to?
Answer: A software flaw unknown to the vendor. No patch exists yet, making systems vulnerable until fix is released.
Flashcard 25: What is the purpose of a security audit?
Answer: To assess the effectiveness of security measures. Systematic review identifies weaknesses and ensures compliance with policies.
Flashcard 26: Which concept involves restricting access based on user identity?
Answer: Access Control. Determines who can access what resources based on authentication and authorization.
Flashcard 27: What is two-factor authentication (2FA)?
Answer: A security process requiring two separate authentication methods. Combines password with second factor like SMS or authenticator app.
Flashcard 28: What is the primary goal of a security policy?
Answer: To establish guidelines for protecting information assets. Formal document outlines security procedures and responsibilities for organizations.
Flashcard 29: What is a digital certificate?
Answer: An electronic document used to prove identity. Cryptographically signed document verifies identity and public key ownership.
Flashcard 30: Which term describes a network of infected devices under remote control?
Answer: Botnet. Compromised computers controlled remotely to perform coordinated attacks.