AP Computer Science Principles Flashcards: Extracting Information From Data

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Extracting Information From Data, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Computer Science Principles.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What type of chart is best for showing parts of a whole?

Answer: Pie chart. Displays proportions as sections of a complete circle.

Flashcard 2: Find the mode of the data set 10, 10, 20, 30, 30.

Answer: Modes are 10 and 30. Values 10 and 30 each appear twice, tied for most frequent.

Flashcard 3: Identify the outlier in the data set 1, 2, 3, 100, 5.

Answer: The outlier is 100. Value 100 is extremely different from the other small values.

Flashcard 4: What statistical measure is used to describe the center of a data set?

Answer: Mean. Represents the typical or average value of the data set.

Flashcard 5: What measure describes the amount of variation in a data set?

Answer: Standard deviation. Measures how spread out the data points are from the mean.

Flashcard 6: What statistical measure represents the most frequent data point?

Answer: Mode. Identifies the value that occurs with the highest frequency.

Flashcard 7: Identify the range of the data set 1, 5, 9, 13, 17.

Answer: The range is 16. Maximum minus minimum: $17 - 1 = 16$.

Flashcard 8: Which central tendency measure is not affected by extreme values?

Answer: Median. Position-based measure unaffected by outliers or extreme values.

Flashcard 9: Calculate the median of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8.

Answer: The median is 5. Average of the two middle values: $(4+6)/2 = 5$.

Flashcard 10: What does the interquartile range (IQR) measure?

Answer: Spread of the middle 50% of data. Distance between the first and third quartiles of the data.

Flashcard 11: What does a histogram display?

Answer: Frequency distribution of a data set. Shows how often each value or interval occurs in the data.

Flashcard 12: Identify the mode of the data set 7, 8, 8, 9, 10.

Answer: The mode is 8. The value 8 appears twice, more than any other value.

Flashcard 13: What is the standard deviation a measure of?

Answer: It measures data spread from the mean. Quantifies how much individual values deviate from the average.

Flashcard 14: What is the formula for calculating the mean?

Answer: $\text{Mean} = \frac{\text{Sum of values}}{\text{Number of values}}$. Add all data values and divide by the total number of values.

Flashcard 15: Calculate the range of the data set 5, 10, 15, 20.

Answer: The range is 15. Difference between maximum and minimum: $20 - 5 = 15$.

Flashcard 16: Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers?

Answer: Mean. Outliers heavily influence the mean since it uses all values in calculation.

Flashcard 17: What is the mode of the data set 1, 2, 2, 3, 4?

Answer: The mode is 2. The value that appears most frequently in the data set.

Flashcard 18: What graphical representation uses bars to show frequency?

Answer: Bar graph. Uses rectangular bars with heights representing data frequencies.

Flashcard 19: Calculate the median of the data set 5, 7, 9, 11, 13.

Answer: The median is 9. The middle value when the five numbers are in order.

Flashcard 20: Identify the median of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

Answer: The median is 6. The middle value when data is ordered from least to greatest.

Flashcard 21: What is the mean of the data set 3, 5, 7, 9, 11?

Answer: The mean is 7. Sum all values and divide by count: $(3+5+7+9+11)/5 = 35/5 = 7$.

Flashcard 22: Calculate the mode of the data set 5, 5, 7, 9, 9.

Answer: Modes are 5 and 9. Both values 5 and 9 appear twice, tied for highest frequency.

Flashcard 23: What is the formula for the interquartile range (IQR)?

Answer: $\text{IQR} = Q_3 - Q_1$. Difference between the third quartile and first quartile values.

Flashcard 24: Find the mean of the data set 10, 20, 30, 40.

Answer: The mean is 25. Sum all values and divide by count: $(10+20+30+40)/4 = 25$.

Flashcard 25: What is the purpose of a bar graph?

Answer: To compare quantities across categories. Uses bar heights to compare values across different categories.

Flashcard 26: Which term describes a graphical representation of a frequency distribution?

Answer: Histogram. Bar chart showing the frequency of data values or intervals.

Flashcard 27: Identify the median of the data set 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.

Answer: The median is 5. The middle value when five numbers are arranged in order.

Flashcard 28: Calculate the range of the data set 5, 10, 15, 20.

Answer: The range is 15. Difference between maximum and minimum: $20 - 5 = 15$.

Flashcard 29: Find the range of the data set 4, 8, 12, 16, 20.

Answer: The range is 16. Maximum minus minimum: $20 - 4 = 16$.

Flashcard 30: Find the mean of the data set 10, 20, 30, 40.

Answer: The mean is 25. Sum all values and divide by count: $(10+20+30+40)/4 = 25$.