AP Computer Science a Flashcards: Ethical Social Issues Around Data Collection

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Ethical Social Issues Around Data Collection, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Computer Science a.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Define data transparency.

Answer: Data transparency refers to openness in how data is collected, used, and shared. Builds trust by making data practices visible to users.

Flashcard 2: Identify a challenge in data ethics.

Answer: Balancing innovation with privacy concerns is a challenge in data ethics. Organizations must weigh technological progress against privacy rights.

Flashcard 3: What is the role of a data protection officer (DPO)?

Answer: A DPO oversees data protection strategy and compliance within an organization. Ensures organizational compliance with data protection regulations.

Flashcard 4: Identify a consequence of a data breach.

Answer: Loss of consumer trust is a significant consequence of a data breach. Users lose confidence in organizations that fail to protect their data.

Flashcard 5: What is data accuracy?

Answer: Data accuracy refers to the correctness and completeness of the data collected. Essential for making reliable decisions and maintaining trust.

Flashcard 6: What is data profiling?

Answer: Data profiling is analyzing data attributes to summarize information about it. Helps understand data quality and structure for better analysis.

Flashcard 7: Define 'data lifecycle'.

Answer: Data lifecycle refers to the stages data goes through, from creation to deletion. Maps data journey from initial collection to final disposal.

Flashcard 8: What is data ownership?

Answer: Data ownership refers to having legal rights and control over a particular set of data. Establishes who can access, modify, and make decisions about data.

Flashcard 9: What is the digital divide?

Answer: The digital divide refers to the gap between those with and without access to digital technology. Creates inequality in access to information and opportunities.

Flashcard 10: What is the aim of the GDPR?

Answer: The GDPR aims to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals within the EU. Gives EU residents greater control over their personal data.

Flashcard 11: What is a data breach?

Answer: A data breach is an incident where unauthorized individuals gain access to sensitive data. Can expose personal information leading to identity theft or misuse.

Flashcard 12: Identify a social issue related to big data.

Answer: Data privacy concerns are a significant social issue related to big data. Large-scale data analysis can threaten individual privacy.

Flashcard 13: Define data security.

Answer: Data security involves safeguarding digital data from unauthorized access and corruption. Protects against both external threats and internal corruption.

Flashcard 14: Identify a challenge in data ethics.

Answer: Balancing innovation with privacy concerns is a challenge in data ethics. Organizations must weigh technological progress against privacy rights.

Flashcard 15: What is data sovereignty?

Answer: Data sovereignty is the concept that data is subject to the laws of the country where it is located. Determines which country's laws apply to data processing.

Flashcard 16: Identify an ethical concern with facial recognition technology.

Answer: Potential invasion of privacy is an ethical concern with facial recognition. Technology can track individuals without explicit consent.

Flashcard 17: What is a data ethics framework?

Answer: A data ethics framework provides guidelines to ensure ethical data collection and use. Helps organizations make responsible decisions about data use.

Flashcard 18: What is ethical hacking?

Answer: Ethical hacking involves legally breaking into computers to test a system's defenses. Authorized testing helps identify vulnerabilities before malicious attacks.

Flashcard 19: What are cookies in the context of web data?

Answer: Cookies are small text files stored on a user's device to track and record online activity. Enable personalized experiences but raise privacy concerns.

Flashcard 20: What is a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?

Answer: A PIA is a process to evaluate the effects of a project on privacy and data protection. Identifies potential privacy risks before implementation.

Flashcard 21: What is data literacy?

Answer: Data literacy is the ability to read, understand, create, and communicate data as information. Essential skill for making informed decisions in a data-driven world.

Flashcard 22: What is data privacy?

Answer: Data privacy is the protection of personal information from unauthorized access. Ensures individuals control access to their personal information.

Flashcard 23: What is the aim of the GDPR?

Answer: The GDPR aims to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals within the EU. Gives EU residents greater control over their personal data.

Flashcard 24: What does GDPR stand for?

Answer: GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation. EU regulation governing data protection and privacy rights.

Flashcard 25: Identify an ethical issue related to data mining.

Answer: Privacy invasion is a significant ethical issue in data mining. Data mining can reveal personal patterns without user awareness.

Flashcard 26: What does data portability mean?

Answer: Data portability allows individuals to obtain and reuse their data across different services. Prevents vendor lock-in and promotes user autonomy.

Flashcard 27: What is the purpose of a privacy policy?

Answer: A privacy policy informs users about how their data is collected, used, and protected. Creates transparency between organizations and users about data practices.

Flashcard 28: Define the term 'data subject'.

Answer: A data subject is an individual whose personal data is collected and processed. The person whose data rights are protected under privacy laws.

Flashcard 29: Identify an ethical concern with facial recognition technology.

Answer: Potential invasion of privacy is an ethical concern with facial recognition. Technology can track individuals without explicit consent.

Flashcard 30: What does GDPR stand for?

Answer: GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation. EU regulation governing data protection and privacy rights.

Flashcard 31: Identify a consequence of a data breach.

Answer: Loss of consumer trust is a significant consequence of a data breach. Users lose confidence in organizations that fail to protect their data.

Flashcard 32: What is data sovereignty?

Answer: Data sovereignty is the concept that data is subject to the laws of the country where it is located. Determines which country's laws apply to data processing.

Flashcard 33: What are cookies in the context of web data?

Answer: Cookies are small text files stored on a user's device to track and record online activity. Enable personalized experiences but raise privacy concerns.

Flashcard 34: Identify the primary goal of data protection laws.

Answer: The primary goal is to safeguard personal information from misuse and unauthorized access. Protects individuals from harm caused by data misuse.

Flashcard 35: Define the term 'data subject'.

Answer: A data subject is an individual whose personal data is collected and processed. The person whose data rights are protected under privacy laws.

Flashcard 36: What is informed consent in data collection?

Answer: Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission before collecting personal data. Ensures users understand what data is being collected and how it's used.

Flashcard 37: What does data anonymization mean?

Answer: Data anonymization is the process of removing personally identifiable information from data sets. Helps protect privacy while preserving data utility for analysis.

Flashcard 38: What is data retention?

Answer: Data retention is the continued storage of data for compliance or business reasons. Balances business needs with privacy and storage costs.

Flashcard 39: Identify an ethical issue related to data mining.

Answer: Privacy invasion is a significant ethical issue in data mining. Data mining can reveal personal patterns without user awareness.

Flashcard 40: What is the purpose of encryption in data security?

Answer: Encryption protects data by converting it into a secure format unreadable without a key. Makes data unreadable to unauthorized parties during storage or transmission.

Flashcard 41: Identify a risk of algorithmic decision-making.

Answer: Algorithmic bias is a significant risk of algorithmic decision-making. Automated decisions may unfairly disadvantage certain groups.

Flashcard 42: What is informed consent in data collection?

Answer: Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission before collecting personal data. Ensures users understand what data is being collected and how it's used.

Flashcard 43: What is the role of a data protection officer (DPO)?

Answer: A DPO oversees data protection strategy and compliance within an organization. Ensures organizational compliance with data protection regulations.

Flashcard 44: What is a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?

Answer: A PIA is a process to evaluate the effects of a project on privacy and data protection. Identifies potential privacy risks before implementation.

Flashcard 45: What is the principle of 'least privilege'?

Answer: The principle of 'least privilege' grants users the minimum access necessary for their role. Reduces security risks by limiting potential attack surfaces.

Flashcard 46: What is data accuracy?

Answer: Data accuracy refers to the correctness and completeness of the data collected. Essential for making reliable decisions and maintaining trust.

Flashcard 47: Identify an ethical issue with predictive analytics.

Answer: Potential discrimination is an ethical issue with predictive analytics. Algorithms may perpetuate or amplify existing societal biases.

Flashcard 48: What is the principle of data minimization?

Answer: Data minimization involves collecting only the data that is necessary for a specific purpose. Reduces privacy risks by limiting data collection scope.

Flashcard 49: What is the right to be forgotten?

Answer: The right to be forgotten allows individuals to have their personal data deleted upon request. Gives individuals control over their digital footprint.

Flashcard 50: What is data profiling?

Answer: Data profiling is analyzing data attributes to summarize information about it. Helps understand data quality and structure for better analysis.

Flashcard 51: What does data portability mean?

Answer: Data portability allows individuals to obtain and reuse their data across different services. Prevents vendor lock-in and promotes user autonomy.

Flashcard 52: Identify a key principle of ethical data collection.

Answer: Respect for privacy is a key principle of ethical data collection. Fundamental to building trust and following legal requirements.

Flashcard 53: Define data bias.

Answer: Data bias occurs when a dataset is not representative of the population it is meant to reflect. Unrepresentative data leads to skewed conclusions and unfair outcomes.

Flashcard 54: Define the term 'data controller'.

Answer: A data controller determines the purposes and means of processing personal data. Has legal responsibility for ensuring compliant data processing.

Flashcard 55: Identify the primary goal of data protection laws.

Answer: The primary goal is to safeguard personal information from misuse and unauthorized access. Protects individuals from harm caused by data misuse.

Flashcard 56: What is a data ethics framework?

Answer: A data ethics framework provides guidelines to ensure ethical data collection and use. Helps organizations make responsible decisions about data use.

Flashcard 57: Identify a benefit of data anonymization.

Answer: Data anonymization can help protect individual privacy while sharing insights. Enables research and analytics while protecting individual identities.

Flashcard 58: What is data ownership?

Answer: Data ownership refers to having legal rights and control over a particular set of data. Establishes who can access, modify, and make decisions about data.

Flashcard 59: What is the purpose of data governance?

Answer: Data governance ensures data quality, security, and compliance with regulations. Creates systematic approach to managing data throughout organization.

Flashcard 60: Define the term 'data controller'.

Answer: A data controller determines the purposes and means of processing personal data. Has legal responsibility for ensuring compliant data processing.

Flashcard 61: Identify a social issue related to big data.

Answer: Data privacy concerns are a significant social issue related to big data. Large-scale data analysis can threaten individual privacy.

Flashcard 62: What does data anonymization mean?

Answer: Data anonymization is the process of removing personally identifiable information from data sets. Helps protect privacy while preserving data utility for analysis.

Flashcard 63: Define data security.

Answer: Data security involves safeguarding digital data from unauthorized access and corruption. Protects against both external threats and internal corruption.

Flashcard 64: What is the purpose of a privacy policy?

Answer: A privacy policy informs users about how their data is collected, used, and protected. Creates transparency between organizations and users about data practices.

Flashcard 65: Define 'data lifecycle'.

Answer: Data lifecycle refers to the stages data goes through, from creation to deletion. Maps data journey from initial collection to final disposal.

Flashcard 66: Identify a risk of algorithmic decision-making.

Answer: Algorithmic bias is a significant risk of algorithmic decision-making. Automated decisions may unfairly disadvantage certain groups.

Flashcard 67: What is ethical hacking?

Answer: Ethical hacking involves legally breaking into computers to test a system's defenses. Authorized testing helps identify vulnerabilities before malicious attacks.

Flashcard 68: Identify a key principle of ethical data collection.

Answer: Respect for privacy is a key principle of ethical data collection. Fundamental to building trust and following legal requirements.

Flashcard 69: What is data literacy?

Answer: Data literacy is the ability to read, understand, create, and communicate data as information. Essential skill for making informed decisions in a data-driven world.

Flashcard 70: What is data retention?

Answer: Data retention is the continued storage of data for compliance or business reasons. Balances business needs with privacy and storage costs.

Flashcard 71: What is the purpose of encryption in data security?

Answer: Encryption protects data by converting it into a secure format unreadable without a key. Makes data unreadable to unauthorized parties during storage or transmission.

Flashcard 72: Identify a benefit of data anonymization.

Answer: Data anonymization can help protect individual privacy while sharing insights. Enables research and analytics while protecting individual identities.

Flashcard 73: Define data bias.

Answer: Data bias occurs when a dataset is not representative of the population it is meant to reflect. Unrepresentative data leads to skewed conclusions and unfair outcomes.

Flashcard 74: What is the principle of 'least privilege'?

Answer: The principle of 'least privilege' grants users the minimum access necessary for their role. Reduces security risks by limiting potential attack surfaces.

Flashcard 75: What is the purpose of data governance?

Answer: Data governance ensures data quality, security, and compliance with regulations. Creates systematic approach to managing data throughout organization.

Flashcard 76: Define data transparency.

Answer: Data transparency refers to openness in how data is collected, used, and shared. Builds trust by making data practices visible to users.

Flashcard 77: What is a data breach?

Answer: A data breach is an incident where unauthorized individuals gain access to sensitive data. Can expose personal information leading to identity theft or misuse.

Flashcard 78: What is the principle of data minimization?

Answer: Data minimization involves collecting only the data that is necessary for a specific purpose. Reduces privacy risks by limiting data collection scope.

Flashcard 79: Identify an ethical issue with predictive analytics.

Answer: Potential discrimination is an ethical issue with predictive analytics. Algorithms may perpetuate or amplify existing societal biases.

Flashcard 80: What is the digital divide?

Answer: The digital divide refers to the gap between those with and without access to digital technology. Creates inequality in access to information and opportunities.

Flashcard 81: What is data privacy?

Answer: Data privacy is the protection of personal information from unauthorized access. Ensures individuals control access to their personal information.

Flashcard 82: What is the right to be forgotten?

Answer: The right to be forgotten allows individuals to have their personal data deleted upon request. Gives individuals control over their digital footprint.