Ethical/Social Issues Around Data Collection - AP Computer Science A

Ethical hacking involves legally breaking into computers to test a system's defenses. Authorized testing helps identify vulnerabilities before malicious attacks.

Data privacy is the protection of personal information from unauthorized access. Ensures individuals control access to their personal information.

Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission before collecting personal data. Ensures users understand what data is being collected and how it's used.

Privacy invasion is a significant ethical issue in data mining. Data mining can reveal personal patterns without user awareness.

Data anonymization is the process of removing personally identifiable information from data sets. Helps protect privacy while preserving data utility for analysis.

Data bias occurs when a dataset is not representative of the population it is meant to reflect. Unrepresentative data leads to skewed conclusions and unfair outcomes.

A privacy policy informs users about how their data is collected, used, and protected. Creates transparency between organizations and users about data practices.

A data breach is an incident where unauthorized individuals gain access to sensitive data. Can expose personal information leading to identity theft or misuse.

Loss of consumer trust is a significant consequence of a data breach. Users lose confidence in organizations that fail to protect their data.

GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation. EU regulation governing data protection and privacy rights.

The GDPR aims to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals within the EU. Gives EU residents greater control over their personal data.

Potential invasion of privacy is an ethical concern with facial recognition. Technology can track individuals without explicit consent.

Data ownership refers to having legal rights and control over a particular set of data. Establishes who can access, modify, and make decisions about data.

Data minimization involves collecting only the data that is necessary for a specific purpose. Reduces privacy risks by limiting data collection scope.

Cookies are small text files stored on a user's device to track and record online activity. Enable personalized experiences but raise privacy concerns.

The right to be forgotten allows individuals to have their personal data deleted upon request. Gives individuals control over their digital footprint.

Potential discrimination is an ethical issue with predictive analytics. Algorithms may perpetuate or amplify existing societal biases.

Data retention is the continued storage of data for compliance or business reasons. Balances business needs with privacy and storage costs.

Data transparency refers to openness in how data is collected, used, and shared. Builds trust by making data practices visible to users.

A data ethics framework provides guidelines to ensure ethical data collection and use. Helps organizations make responsible decisions about data use.

Algorithmic bias is a significant risk of algorithmic decision-making. Automated decisions may unfairly disadvantage certain groups.

A data subject is an individual whose personal data is collected and processed. The person whose data rights are protected under privacy laws.

Data profiling is analyzing data attributes to summarize information about it. Helps understand data quality and structure for better analysis.

A PIA is a process to evaluate the effects of a project on privacy and data protection. Identifies potential privacy risks before implementation.

The primary goal is to safeguard personal information from misuse and unauthorized access. Protects individuals from harm caused by data misuse.

Data accuracy refers to the correctness and completeness of the data collected. Essential for making reliable decisions and maintaining trust.

Data portability allows individuals to obtain and reuse their data across different services. Prevents vendor lock-in and promotes user autonomy.

Respect for privacy is a key principle of ethical data collection. Fundamental to building trust and following legal requirements.

Encryption protects data by converting it into a secure format unreadable without a key. Makes data unreadable to unauthorized parties during storage or transmission.