Principles of Reaction Kinetics

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AP Chemistry › Principles of Reaction Kinetics

Questions 1 - 7
1

Which of the following does not affect a forward reaction rate?

Catalysts

Temperature

Medium

Product concentration

Explanation

Product concentration would not affect a forward reaction rate, since that is what is being formed. Catalysts specifically speed up reaction rates, as does temperature. Medium can also affect reaction rate because some molecules are more likely to react with each other in certain environments.

2

Which of the following is not true of the transition state?

It has a greater energy than the reactants

It has a greater energy than the products

Old bonds are weakened and new bonds begin to form

It cannot dissociate into products without needing any additional energy

Explanation

The transition state is the energy barrier in a reaction—energy is needed to reach this state. Once it is acheived, however, it can either revert back to reactants or dissociate into products without any added energy.

3

The following reversible reaction takes place in a closed container:

The system is allowed to reach equilibrium before 2 moles of reactant A are added to the container.

The net rate of formation of product B immediately following the addition of reactant A is __________.

positive

negative

zero

impossible to determine without additional information

Explanation

According to Le Chatelier's principle, an increase in the concentration of reactants will cause the reaction to shift to the right in order to re-establish equilibrium. Thus, immediately after reactant A is added, the forward reaction will increase and the net rate of formation of the products will be positive.

4

Which of the following affects the rate of a reaction?

All of these

Frequency of collision

Collision orientation

Molecules' energies

Explanation

Since reactant molecules collide and interact to break old bond and form new ones, any factors affecting collision and interactions will affect the reaction rate. Thus, increasing temperature will increase both the frequency of collisions and the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Enzymes bring molecules close to each other and orient them in a way that facilitates reactions.

5

Which of the following is true:

I. First order reactions proceed at a constant rate

II. First order reactions have a constant half-life

III. First order reactions have one reactant

II only

I only

II and III

I, II, and III

Explanation

First order reactions have the rate equation . As the molarity of A decreases, the rate slows.

The half-life equation is . The half-life is constant with respect to time and concentration, depending only on the rate constant.

Lastly, the overall reaction can have any number of reactants. A reaction is first order because its rate-limiting step has only one reactant.

Only statement II is true.

6

The overall reaction can only proceed as quickly as the __________.

rate-determining step

intermediate is decomposed

catalyst is added

products are removed

Explanation

The rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism is a kinetic bottleneck, in that it prevents the overall reaction from proceeding; thus, it is what determines how quickly the overall reaction can proceed.

7

Rate data is collected for a reaction, and the following integrated rate law is derived.

If this reaction is __________ with respect to reactant A, a plot of ln\[A\] versus time would be __________.

first order . . . linear

zero order . . . linear

first order . . . parabolic

second order . . . parabolic

Explanation

The integrated rate law shown is for a reaction rate law with a first-order dependence on reactact A. If such a rate law accurately describes the kinetics of the reaction, then ln\[A\] will vary linearly with respect to time.

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