VSEPR and Hybridization - AP Chemistry
Card 1 of 30
Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 3 electron domains.
Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 3 electron domains.
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Trigonal Planar. Three electron domains spread in a flat plane around central atom.
Trigonal Planar. Three electron domains spread in a flat plane around central atom.
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Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
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Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.
Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.
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What is the molecular geometry for a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?
What is the molecular geometry for a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?
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Seesaw. One lone pair distorts trigonal bipyramidal to seesaw shape.
Seesaw. One lone pair distorts trigonal bipyramidal to seesaw shape.
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State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.
State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.
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$sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.
$sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.
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What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?
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Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.
Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.
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Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.
Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.
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Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.
Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.
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Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.
Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.
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T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.
T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.
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What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?
What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?
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90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.
90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.
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Which molecular geometry does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have?
Which molecular geometry does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have?
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Square Planar. Two axial lone pairs force bonding pairs into a square arrangement.
Square Planar. Two axial lone pairs force bonding pairs into a square arrangement.
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What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?
What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?
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Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.
Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.
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Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
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Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.
Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.
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Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?
Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?
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Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.
Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.
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Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.
Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.
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Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.
Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.
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Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
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Trigonal Planar. Three bonding pairs arrange in flat triangular shape.
Trigonal Planar. Three bonding pairs arrange in flat triangular shape.
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What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in ammonia ($\mathrm{NH_3}$)?
What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in ammonia ($\mathrm{NH_3}$)?
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$sp^3$. Four electron domains around nitrogen (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) need $sp^3$.
$sp^3$. Four electron domains around nitrogen (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) need $sp^3$.
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What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?
What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?
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$sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.
$sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.
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Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.
Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.
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$sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.
$sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.
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What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?
What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?
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120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.
120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.
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Determine the molecular geometry of XeF₂.
Determine the molecular geometry of XeF₂.
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Linear. Three lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, leaving linear molecular shape.
Linear. Three lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, leaving linear molecular shape.
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What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?
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Bent. Lone pair forces two bonding pairs into bent arrangement.
Bent. Lone pair forces two bonding pairs into bent arrangement.
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Determine the molecular geometry of SF₆.
Determine the molecular geometry of SF₆.
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Octahedral. Six bonding pairs around sulfur with no lone pairs gives octahedral shape.
Octahedral. Six bonding pairs around sulfur with no lone pairs gives octahedral shape.
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Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.
Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.
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Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.
Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.
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Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne (C₂H₂).
Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne (C₂H₂).
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$sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.
$sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.
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What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?
What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?
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$sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.
$sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.
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Identify the molecular geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
Identify the molecular geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
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Tetrahedral. Four bonding pairs arrange in three-dimensional tetrahedral shape.
Tetrahedral. Four bonding pairs arrange in three-dimensional tetrahedral shape.
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What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?
What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?
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$sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.
$sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.
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What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?
What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?
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$sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.
$sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.
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What is the bond angle in a molecule with linear geometry?
What is the bond angle in a molecule with linear geometry?
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180°. Two electron domains are positioned directly opposite each other.
180°. Two electron domains are positioned directly opposite each other.
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Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.
Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.
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$sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.
$sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.
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What hybridization corresponds to a linear molecular geometry?
What hybridization corresponds to a linear molecular geometry?
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$sp$. Two electron domains require two hybrid orbitals from $s$ and $p$.
$sp$. Two electron domains require two hybrid orbitals from $s$ and $p$.
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