AP Chemistry Flashcards: Vsepr And Hybridization

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Vsepr And Hybridization, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Chemistry.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.

Flashcard 2: What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?

Answer: 90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.

Flashcard 3: What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.

Flashcard 4: What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.

Flashcard 5: What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?

Answer: 120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.

Flashcard 6: Determine the molecular geometry of SF₆.

Answer: Octahedral. Six bonding pairs around sulfur with no lone pairs gives octahedral shape.

Flashcard 7: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.

Answer: Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.

Flashcard 8: What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?

Answer: $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

Flashcard 9: Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.

Answer: T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.

Flashcard 10: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.

Flashcard 11: State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.

Answer: $sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.

Flashcard 12: Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

Answer: Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.

Flashcard 13: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

Answer: Linear. Two bonding pairs arrange in straight line to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 14: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 2 sigma bonds and 2 lone pairs.

Answer: $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires $sp^3$ hybridization.

Flashcard 15: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Bent. Lone pair forces two bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

Flashcard 16: What hybridization corresponds to a linear molecular geometry?

Answer: $sp$. Two electron domains require two hybrid orbitals from $s$ and $p$.

Flashcard 17: State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.

Answer: $sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.

Flashcard 18: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.

Flashcard 19: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Bent. Lone pair forces two bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

Flashcard 20: Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne ($C_2H_2$).

Answer: $sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.

Flashcard 21: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.

Answer: Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 22: What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?

Answer: 120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.

Flashcard 23: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Planar. Three bonding pairs arrange in flat triangular shape.

Flashcard 24: What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?

Answer: Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

Flashcard 25: Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.

Answer: T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.

Flashcard 26: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Planar. Three bonding pairs arrange in flat triangular shape.

Flashcard 27: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.

Answer: Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.

Flashcard 28: Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

Answer: Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.

Flashcard 29: What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

Answer: $sp$. Two double bonds around carbon create two electron domains.

Flashcard 30: What hybridization corresponds to a linear molecular geometry?

Answer: $sp$. Two electron domains require two hybrid orbitals from $s$ and $p$.

Flashcard 31: Determine the molecular geometry of XeF₂.

Answer: Linear. Three lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, leaving linear molecular shape.

Flashcard 32: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.

Answer: $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.

Flashcard 33: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.

Answer: $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.

Flashcard 34: What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene (C₂H₄)?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

Flashcard 35: What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.

Flashcard 36: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 3 electron domains.

Answer: Trigonal Planar. Three electron domains spread in a flat plane around central atom.

Flashcard 37: What is the molecular geometry for a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Seesaw. One lone pair distorts trigonal bipyramidal to seesaw shape.

Flashcard 38: Determine the molecular geometry of ClF₃.

Answer: T-shaped. Three bonding pairs and two lone pairs create T-shaped arrangement.

Flashcard 39: What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene (C₂H₄)?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

Flashcard 40: What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene ($\mathrm{C_2H_4}$)?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

Flashcard 41: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.

Flashcard 42: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains require $s$ + two $p$ hybrid orbitals.

Flashcard 43: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.

Flashcard 44: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Square Pyramidal. One lone pair distorts octahedral to create square pyramid.

Flashcard 45: What is the bond angle in a molecule with linear geometry?

Answer: 180°. Two electron domains are positioned directly opposite each other.

Flashcard 46: What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in ammonia ($\mathrm{NH_3}$)?

Answer: $sp^3$. Four electron domains around nitrogen (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) need $sp^3$.

Flashcard 47: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.

Flashcard 48: What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?

Answer: 90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.

Flashcard 49: What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.

Flashcard 50: Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne (C₂H₂).

Answer: $sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.

Flashcard 51: What is the hybridization of the central atom in boron trifluoride (BF₃)?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three bonding pairs around boron require $sp^2$ hybridization.

Flashcard 52: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

Answer: Linear. Two bonding pairs arrange in straight line to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 53: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.

Answer: Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.

Flashcard 54: Identify the hybridization of the central atom in ethyne (C₂H₂).

Answer: $sp$. Triple bond creates two electron domains requiring $sp$ hybridization.

Flashcard 55: Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Electron geometry considers all five electron domains, not just bonding.

Flashcard 56: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.

Flashcard 57: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.

Answer: Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.

Flashcard 58: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Bent. Lone pair forces two bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

Flashcard 59: Identify the molecular geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Tetrahedral. Four bonding pairs arrange in three-dimensional tetrahedral shape.

Flashcard 60: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Square Pyramidal. One lone pair distorts octahedral to create square pyramid.

Flashcard 61: Identify the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

Answer: 90° and 120°. Axial positions are 90° from equatorial; equatorial are 120° apart.

Flashcard 62: What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?

Answer: 90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.

Flashcard 63: What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?

Answer: 120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.

Flashcard 64: Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

Answer: Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.

Flashcard 65: What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?

Answer: Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

Flashcard 66: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.

Answer: Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 67: What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

Answer: $sp$. Two double bonds around carbon create two electron domains.

Flashcard 68: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.

Flashcard 69: What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?

Answer: $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

Flashcard 70: What is the bond angle in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry?

Answer: 109.5°. Four electron domains arrange at equal angles in 3D space.

Flashcard 71: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 3 electron domains.

Answer: Trigonal Planar. Three electron domains spread in a flat plane around central atom.

Flashcard 72: What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?

Answer: $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

Flashcard 73: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

Answer: Linear. Two bonding pairs arrange in straight line to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 74: Determine the molecular geometry of SF₆.

Answer: Octahedral. Six bonding pairs around sulfur with no lone pairs gives octahedral shape.

Flashcard 75: What does VSEPR stand for in chemistry?

Answer: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. Theory that predicts molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion.

Flashcard 76: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 6 electron domains.

Answer: Octahedral. Electron geometry includes all six electron domains around central atom.

Flashcard 77: What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH₄)?

Answer: $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

Flashcard 78: Which molecular geometry does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have?

Answer: Square Planar. Two axial lone pairs force bonding pairs into a square arrangement.

Flashcard 79: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 2 sigma bonds and 2 lone pairs.

Answer: $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires $sp^3$ hybridization.

Flashcard 80: What is the bond angle in a molecule with linear geometry?

Answer: 180°. Two electron domains are positioned directly opposite each other.

Flashcard 81: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 6 electron groups and no lone pairs.

Answer: Octahedral. Six electron groups arrange symmetrically around central atom.

Flashcard 82: What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?

Answer: 120°. Three electron domains spread equally around 360° gives 120° angles.

Flashcard 83: Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.

Flashcard 84: Identify the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

Answer: 90° and 120°. Axial positions are 90° from equatorial; equatorial are 120° apart.

Flashcard 85: Which molecular shape results from 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

Answer: Bent. Four electron domains with two lone pairs creates bent molecular shape.

Flashcard 86: What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer: Trigonal Pyramidal. Lone pair occupies more space, pushing bonding pairs into pyramid shape.

Flashcard 87: Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.

Flashcard 88: State the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry.

Answer: $sp^3$. Four electron domains require four hybrid orbitals from $s$ and three $p$ orbitals.

Flashcard 89: Identify the electron geometry for a molecule with 2 electron domains.

Answer: Linear. Two electron domains arrange in a straight line to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 90: Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Electron geometry considers all five electron domains, not just bonding.

Flashcard 91: What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene ($C_2H_4$)?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains around carbon require $s$ + two $p$ orbitals.

Flashcard 92: Determine the hybridization of an atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair.

Answer: $sp^3$. Total of four electron domains requires four hybrid orbitals.

Flashcard 93: What is the hybridization of the central atom in carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)?

Answer: $sp^3$. Four bonding pairs around carbon require $sp^3$ hybridization.

Flashcard 94: Identify the molecular geometry for a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five bonding pairs create bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial bonds.

Flashcard 95: What is the bond angle in a molecule with octahedral geometry?

Answer: 90°. Adjacent bonds in octahedral geometry are perpendicular.

Flashcard 96: What is the molecular geometry of water (H₂O)?

Answer: Bent. Two lone pairs on oxygen force bonding pairs into bent arrangement.

Flashcard 97: What hybridization corresponds to trigonal planar geometry?

Answer: $sp^2$. Three electron domains require three hybrid orbitals from $s$ and two $p$.

Flashcard 98: Which molecular geometry does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have?

Answer: Square Planar. Two axial lone pairs force bonding pairs into a square arrangement.

Flashcard 99: Identify the electron geometry of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Answer: Trigonal Bipyramidal. Five electron domains arrange in bipyramidal shape with axial and equatorial positions.

Flashcard 100: Determine the molecular geometry of XeF₂.

Answer: Linear. Three lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, leaving linear molecular shape.