All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which property allows metals to conduct electricity?
Answer: Delocalized electrons. Mobile electrons move freely throughout the metal lattice.
Flashcard 2: Which property allows metals to conduct electricity?
Answer: Delocalized electrons. Mobile electrons move freely throughout the metal lattice.
Flashcard 3: What is the primary component of brass?
Answer: Copper. Brass is a copper-zinc alloy with copper predominating.
Flashcard 4: Which metal structure has a coordination number of 8?
Answer: Body-centered cubic. BCC structure has 8 nearest neighbors per atom.
Flashcard 5: What is the primary component of bronze?
Answer: Copper. Bronze is traditionally a copper-tin alloy.
Flashcard 6: Identify the unit cell type with atoms at each corner and center.
Answer: Body-centered cubic. Has one atom at each corner and one in the center.
Flashcard 7: What is the coordination number in a face-centered cubic lattice?
Answer:
- Each atom is surrounded by 12 nearest neighbors.
Flashcard 8: State the type of bonding found in metals.
Answer: Metallic bonding. Formed by delocalized electrons creating a 'sea' of electrons.
Flashcard 9: What is the basic structural unit of metals?
Answer: The crystal lattice. The repeating 3D arrangement of metal atoms in space.
Flashcard 10: Name a common alloy of iron and carbon.
Answer: Steel. Carbon atoms fit into iron's crystal lattice interstitially.
Flashcard 11: What is the term for metals' ability to be hammered into sheets?
Answer: Malleability. Layers of atoms can shift while maintaining metallic bonding.
Flashcard 12: Identify the unit cell type with atoms at each corner and face.
Answer: Face-centered cubic. Has atoms at corners and centers of each face.
Flashcard 13: Which metal is added to steel to make stainless steel?
Answer: Chromium. Chromium forms a protective oxide layer preventing corrosion.
Flashcard 14: What is the coordination number in a body-centered cubic lattice?
Answer:
- Each atom touches 8 nearest neighbors in this structure.
Flashcard 15: What is a primary characteristic of amorphous metals?
Answer: Lack of long-range order. Atoms lack organized, repeating crystalline structure.
Flashcard 16: Identify the arrangement of atoms in a metal lattice.
Answer: A regular, repeating pattern. Atoms are arranged in an orderly, periodic structure.
Flashcard 17: Which property allows metals to conduct electricity?
Answer: Delocalized electrons. Mobile electrons move freely throughout the metal lattice.
Flashcard 18: Define the term 'substitutional alloy'.
Answer: An alloy with atoms replaced by other metal atoms of similar size. Different metal atoms occupy lattice positions directly.
Flashcard 19: State the fraction of space occupied by atoms in a body-centered cubic cell.
Answer: 10068 or 68%. BCC packing is less efficient than close-packed structures.
Flashcard 20: What is the role of delocalized electrons in metal properties?
Answer: Contribute to conductivity and malleability. Free electrons enable both electrical flow and deformation.
Flashcard 21: What is the effect of impurities on the brittleness of metals?
Answer: Increases brittleness. Foreign atoms create stress points that promote fracturing.
Flashcard 22: Identify the crystal structure with the highest packing efficiency.
Answer: Face-centered cubic or hexagonal close-packed. Both achieve 74% packing efficiency, the theoretical maximum.
Flashcard 23: What is an alloy?
Answer: A mixture of two or more elements, with at least one metal. Combines metals with other elements to enhance properties.
Flashcard 24: Which metal structure has a coordination number of 12?
Answer: Face-centered cubic or hexagonal close-packed. Both FCC and HCP maximize nearest neighbor contacts.
Flashcard 25: What is the primary benefit of alloying metals?
Answer: Enhanced properties such as strength and resistance. Combining metals creates materials superior to pure components.
Flashcard 26: What is the effect of alloying on metal hardness?
Answer: Increases hardness. Different atoms disrupt lattice, preventing easy deformation.
Flashcard 27: What is the effect of alloying on metal conductivity?
Answer: Usually decreases conductivity. Foreign atoms scatter electrons, reducing electron mobility.
Flashcard 28: Which alloy is primarily made of aluminum and copper?
Answer: Duralumin. A strong, lightweight aluminum alloy used in aerospace.
Flashcard 29: Which type of alloy involves the insertion of smaller atoms into a metal lattice?
Answer: Interstitial alloy. Small atoms fit into spaces between larger lattice atoms.
Flashcard 30: Which property allows metals to reflect light?
Answer: Free electrons. Mobile electrons can absorb and re-emit photons effectively.