AP Chemistry Flashcards: Solutions And Mixtures

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Solutions And Mixtures, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Chemistry.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What is an electrolyte solution?

Answer: A solution that conducts electricity due to dissociated ions. Ions enable current flow through solution.

Flashcard 2: What is the common ion effect?

Answer: The suppression of solubility due to a common ion in solution. Shared ion reduces solubility of ionic compound.

Flashcard 3: Calculate mass percent if 5g solute is in 95g solution.

Answer: Mass percent = 5%. Using $\frac{5g}{100g} \times 100\%$.

Flashcard 4: What is the solvent in a solution?

Answer: The substance in which the solute is dissolved. The major component that does the dissolving.

Flashcard 5: What is an electrolyte solution?

Answer: A solution that conducts electricity due to dissociated ions. Ions enable current flow through solution.

Flashcard 6: What is the solute in a solution?

Answer: The substance dissolved in the solvent. The minor component that gets dissolved.

Flashcard 7: What is an electrolyte solution?

Answer: A solution that conducts electricity due to dissociated ions. Ions enable current flow through solution.

Flashcard 8: What is the common ion effect?

Answer: The suppression of solubility due to a common ion in solution. Shared ion reduces solubility of ionic compound.

Flashcard 9: Calculate mass percent if 5g solute is in 95g solution.

Answer: Mass percent = 5%. Using $\frac{5g}{100g} \times 100\%$.

Flashcard 10: What is the solvent in a solution?

Answer: The substance in which the solute is dissolved. The major component that does the dissolving.

Flashcard 11: Identify the relationship between temperature and gas solubility.

Answer: Gas solubility decreases as temperature increases. Higher temperature reduces gas-liquid attractions.

Flashcard 12: What is the effect of pressure on gas solubility?

Answer: Gas solubility increases with increasing pressure. Follows Henry's Law for gas-liquid equilibrium.

Flashcard 13: What is the common ion effect?

Answer: The suppression of solubility due to a common ion in solution. Shared ion reduces solubility of ionic compound.

Flashcard 14: Calculate mass percent if 5g solute is in 95g solution.

Answer: Mass percent = 5%. Using $\frac{5g}{100g} \times 100\%$.

Flashcard 15: What is the solvent in a solution?

Answer: The substance in which the solute is dissolved. The major component that does the dissolving.

Flashcard 16: Identify the formula for boiling point elevation.

Answer: $\triangle T_b = i \times K_b \times m$. Boiling point rises with solute concentration.

Flashcard 17: State the definition of a colloid.

Answer: A mixture where dispersed particles do not settle out. Intermediate size between solutions and suspensions.

Flashcard 18: What is the relationship between particle size and rate of dissolution?

Answer: Smaller particles dissolve faster due to larger surface area. Greater surface contact increases dissolution rate.

Flashcard 19: Calculate the molarity of a solution with 2 moles of solute in 4 liters of solution.

Answer: Molarity = 0.5 M. Using $M = \frac{2 \text{ mol}}{4 \text{ L}}$.

Flashcard 20: What is the formula for mass percent?

Answer: Mass percent = $\frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{mass of solution}} \times 100$. Percentage concentration by mass composition.

Flashcard 21: What is the general effect of temperature on solid solubility?

Answer: Solid solubility generally increases with temperature. More thermal energy overcomes lattice forces.

Flashcard 22: Calculate the freezing point depression if $K_f = 1.86$, $m = 1$, and $i = 2$.

Answer: $\triangle T_f = 3.72$ °C. Using $\triangle T_f = i \times K_f \times m = 2 \times 1.86 \times 1$.

Flashcard 23: What is the definition of a saturated solution?

Answer: A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature. Equilibrium reached between dissolving and crystallizing.

Flashcard 24: What does the symbol $X$ represent in Raoult's Law?

Answer: $X$ represents the mole fraction of the solvent. Mole fraction shows proportion of solvent molecules.

Flashcard 25: What is an unsaturated solution?

Answer: A solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature. More solute can still be added and dissolved.

Flashcard 26: What is the formula for mole fraction?

Answer: Mole fraction = $\frac{\text{moles of component}}{\text{total moles of all components}}$. Dimensionless ratio expressing relative amounts.

Flashcard 27: What is the definition of a solution?

Answer: A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Components are uniformly distributed at molecular level.

Flashcard 28: Find the boiling point elevation if $K_b = 0.512$, $m = 2$, and $i = 1$.

Answer: $\triangle T_b = 1.024$ °C. Using $\triangle T_b = i \times K_b \times m = 1 \times 0.512 \times 2$.

Flashcard 29: Define a supersaturated solution.

Answer: A solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature. Unstable solution beyond normal solubility limit.

Flashcard 30: State the formula for molarity.

Answer: Molarity (M) = $\frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$. Concentration measured as moles per liter of solution.