Reaction Rates - AP Chemistry
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What is the effect of temperature on the activation energy?
What is the effect of temperature on the activation energy?
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No effect; activation energy is constant. Activation energy is an intrinsic property.
No effect; activation energy is constant. Activation energy is an intrinsic property.
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What is the effect of a catalyst on the rate constant?
What is the effect of a catalyst on the rate constant?
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Increases the rate constant. Provides lower activation energy pathway.
Increases the rate constant. Provides lower activation energy pathway.
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Identify the unit of the rate constant for a third-order reaction.
Identify the unit of the rate constant for a third-order reaction.
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M^{-2} s^{-1}. Pattern: $M^{1-n}s^{-1}$ where n=3.
M^{-2} s^{-1}. Pattern: $M^{1-n}s^{-1}$ where n=3.
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How do you experimentally determine the rate law of a reaction?
How do you experimentally determine the rate law of a reaction?
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Using the method of initial rates. Measure initial rates at different concentrations.
Using the method of initial rates. Measure initial rates at different concentrations.
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What is the relationship between temperature and the rate constant?
What is the relationship between temperature and the rate constant?
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Rate constant increases with temperature. Exponential relationship from Arrhenius equation.
Rate constant increases with temperature. Exponential relationship from Arrhenius equation.
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What is the effect of pressure on the rate of a gaseous reaction?
What is the effect of pressure on the rate of a gaseous reaction?
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Increasing pressure increases the rate. Higher pressure increases concentration of gases.
Increasing pressure increases the rate. Higher pressure increases concentration of gases.
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What affects the frequency factor (A) in the Arrhenius equation?
What affects the frequency factor (A) in the Arrhenius equation?
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Orientation and frequency of collisions. Pre-exponential factor in Arrhenius equation.
Orientation and frequency of collisions. Pre-exponential factor in Arrhenius equation.
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Identify the unit of the rate constant for a third-order reaction.
Identify the unit of the rate constant for a third-order reaction.
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$M^{-2} s^{-1}$. Pattern: $M^{1-n}s^{-1}$ where n=3.
$M^{-2} s^{-1}$. Pattern: $M^{1-n}s^{-1}$ where n=3.
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Identify the rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism.
Identify the rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism.
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The slowest step in the mechanism. Controls overall reaction rate.
The slowest step in the mechanism. Controls overall reaction rate.
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How do you experimentally determine the rate law of a reaction?
How do you experimentally determine the rate law of a reaction?
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Using the method of initial rates. Measure initial rates at different concentrations.
Using the method of initial rates. Measure initial rates at different concentrations.
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What is the typical effect of a catalyst on reaction equilibrium?
What is the typical effect of a catalyst on reaction equilibrium?
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No effect on equilibrium position. Speeds both forward and reverse reactions equally.
No effect on equilibrium position. Speeds both forward and reverse reactions equally.
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What is the relationship between temperature and the rate constant?
What is the relationship between temperature and the rate constant?
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Rate constant increases with temperature. Exponential relationship from Arrhenius equation.
Rate constant increases with temperature. Exponential relationship from Arrhenius equation.
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What is the effect of pressure on the rate of a gaseous reaction?
What is the effect of pressure on the rate of a gaseous reaction?
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Increasing pressure increases the rate. Higher pressure increases concentration of gases.
Increasing pressure increases the rate. Higher pressure increases concentration of gases.
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What is the effect of temperature on the activation energy?
What is the effect of temperature on the activation energy?
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No effect; activation energy is constant. Activation energy is an intrinsic property.
No effect; activation energy is constant. Activation energy is an intrinsic property.
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Identify the order of reaction if rate = k[A]^2.
Identify the order of reaction if rate = k[A]^2.
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Second order with respect to A. Exponent of [A] is 2.
Second order with respect to A. Exponent of [A] is 2.
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Identify the rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism.
Identify the rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism.
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The slowest step in the mechanism. Controls overall reaction rate.
The slowest step in the mechanism. Controls overall reaction rate.
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Identify the order of reaction if rate = k[A][B].
Identify the order of reaction if rate = k[A][B].
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Second order overall. Sum of exponents: 1 + 1 = 2.
Second order overall. Sum of exponents: 1 + 1 = 2.
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Which factors influence the activation energy of a reaction?
Which factors influence the activation energy of a reaction?
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Nature of reactants and presence of a catalyst. Intrinsic properties determine energy barrier height.
Nature of reactants and presence of a catalyst. Intrinsic properties determine energy barrier height.
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What is the relationship between temperature and the rate constant?
What is the relationship between temperature and the rate constant?
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Rate constant increases with temperature. Exponential relationship from Arrhenius equation.
Rate constant increases with temperature. Exponential relationship from Arrhenius equation.
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What is the effect of pressure on the rate of a gaseous reaction?
What is the effect of pressure on the rate of a gaseous reaction?
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Increasing pressure increases the rate. Higher pressure increases concentration of gases.
Increasing pressure increases the rate. Higher pressure increases concentration of gases.
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Identify the units of the rate constant for a second-order reaction.
Identify the units of the rate constant for a second-order reaction.
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M^{-1} s^{-1}. Units are $M^{1-n}s^{-1}$ where n is overall order.
M^{-1} s^{-1}. Units are $M^{1-n}s^{-1}$ where n is overall order.
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What is the typical unit for reaction rate?
What is the typical unit for reaction rate?
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Molarity per second (M/s). Change in concentration per unit time.
Molarity per second (M/s). Change in concentration per unit time.
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Which graph is linear for a first-order reaction?
Which graph is linear for a first-order reaction?
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ln[A] vs. time. Integrated rate law form for first-order kinetics.
ln[A] vs. time. Integrated rate law form for first-order kinetics.
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What is the relationship between reaction rate and concentration for a zero-order reaction?
What is the relationship between reaction rate and concentration for a zero-order reaction?
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Rate is independent of concentration. Constant rate regardless of concentration changes.
Rate is independent of concentration. Constant rate regardless of concentration changes.
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What does the term 'reaction mechanism' refer to?
What does the term 'reaction mechanism' refer to?
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The step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions. Shows how overall reaction occurs at molecular level.
The step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions. Shows how overall reaction occurs at molecular level.
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What is the effect of increasing concentration on reaction rate?
What is the effect of increasing concentration on reaction rate?
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Increases the reaction rate. More reactant molecules available for collision.
Increases the reaction rate. More reactant molecules available for collision.
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Which factor does not affect the rate constant?
Which factor does not affect the rate constant?
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Concentration of reactants. Rate constant only depends on temperature and catalyst.
Concentration of reactants. Rate constant only depends on temperature and catalyst.
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State the expression for the half-life of a zero-order reaction.
State the expression for the half-life of a zero-order reaction.
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$t_{1/2} = \frac{[A]_0}{2k}$. Half-life depends on initial concentration.
$t_{1/2} = \frac{[A]_0}{2k}$. Half-life depends on initial concentration.
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Define rate constant in the context of reaction rates.
Define rate constant in the context of reaction rates.
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The proportionality constant (k) in the rate law. Units depend on reaction order.
The proportionality constant (k) in the rate law. Units depend on reaction order.
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What is the effect of temperature on the activation energy?
What is the effect of temperature on the activation energy?
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No effect; activation energy is constant. Activation energy is an intrinsic property.
No effect; activation energy is constant. Activation energy is an intrinsic property.
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