AP Chemistry Flashcards: Intramolecular And Interparticle Force

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Intramolecular And Interparticle Force, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Chemistry.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Which has a higher boiling point: $\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$ or $\text{CH}_4$?

Answer: $\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$. Methanol has hydrogen bonding unlike nonpolar methane.

Flashcard 2: Which has stronger intermolecular forces: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ or $\text{CO}_2$?

Answer: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$. Water has hydrogen bonding vs. CO₂'s weak dispersion forces.

Flashcard 3: Which intermolecular force is present in $\text{CO}_2$?

Answer: London dispersion forces. Nonpolar CO₂ only has weak temporary dipole attractions.

Flashcard 4: Which force is primarily responsible for the high boiling point of water?

Answer: Hydrogen bonding. H-O bonds create strong intermolecular attractions.

Flashcard 5: Which is stronger: hydrogen bond or van der Waals forces?

Answer: Hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than dispersion forces.

Flashcard 6: Which is stronger: hydrogen bond or van der Waals forces?

Answer: Hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than dispersion forces.

Flashcard 7: Identify the type of bond in diatomic oxygen ($\text{O}_2$).

Answer: Double covalent bond. Two pairs of electrons are shared between oxygen atoms.

Flashcard 8: What is the predominant intermolecular force in $\text{NH}_3$?

Answer: Hydrogen bonding. N-H bonds enable strong hydrogen bonding interactions.

Flashcard 9: What type of interaction occurs between polar molecules?

Answer: Dipole-dipole interactions. Permanent dipoles align positive to negative ends.

Flashcard 10: Which interaction can occur between a polar molecule and an ion?

Answer: Ion-dipole interaction. Charge attracts to opposite partial charge on molecule.

Flashcard 11: What is the term for the energy required to break one mole of bonds in gaseous molecules?

Answer: Bond enthalpy. Energy needed to completely separate bonded atoms.

Flashcard 12: Which has stronger intermolecular forces: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ or $\text{CO}_2$?

Answer: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$. Water has hydrogen bonding vs. CO₂'s weak dispersion forces.

Flashcard 13: Which has stronger intermolecular forces: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ or $\text{CO}_2$?

Answer: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$. Water has hydrogen bonding vs. CO₂'s weak dispersion forces.

Flashcard 14: What type of bond is present in $\text{H}_2\text{O}$?

Answer: Polar covalent bond. O is more electronegative than H, creating unequal sharing.

Flashcard 15: What is the molecular geometry of $\text{CO}_2$?

Answer: Linear. Two bonding groups with no lone pairs on carbon.

Flashcard 16: Which interaction can occur between a polar molecule and an ion?

Answer: Ion-dipole interaction. Charge attracts to opposite partial charge on molecule.

Flashcard 17: What is the VSEPR shape of $\text{BF}_3$?

Answer: Trigonal planar. Three bonding groups arrange in flat triangle.

Flashcard 18: Which has stronger intermolecular forces: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ or $\text{CO}_2$?

Answer: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$. Water has hydrogen bonding vs. CO₂'s weak dispersion forces.

Flashcard 19: Which force is stronger: dipole-dipole or London dispersion?

Answer: Dipole-dipole. Permanent dipoles are stronger than temporary ones.

Flashcard 20: What is the bond type in a molecule with a large difference in electronegativity?

Answer: Ionic bond. Electronegativity difference > 1.7 typically results in electron transfer.

Flashcard 21: Which bond is stronger: single, double, or triple covalent bond?

Answer: Triple covalent bond. More shared electrons create stronger, shorter bonds.

Flashcard 22: State the type of bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs.

Answer: Covalent bond. Electrons are shared between atoms in overlapping orbitals.

Flashcard 23: What is the VSEPR shape of $\text{BF}_3$?

Answer: Trigonal planar. Three bonding groups arrange in flat triangle.

Flashcard 24: What is the molecular geometry of $\text{H}_2\text{O}$?

Answer: Bent. Two bonds plus two lone pairs create angular shape.

Flashcard 25: What type of bond forms between $\text{H}$ and $\text{Cl}$ in $\text{HCl}$?

Answer: Polar covalent bond. Chlorine is more electronegative, creating unequal sharing.

Flashcard 26: Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons?

Answer: Ionic bond. Complete electron transfer from metal to nonmetal occurs.

Flashcard 27: What is the primary intermolecular force in $\text{CH}_4$?

Answer: London dispersion forces. Nonpolar methane only exhibits weak temporary dipole forces.

Flashcard 28: What is the VSEPR shape of $\text{BF}_3$?

Answer: Trigonal planar. Three bonding groups arrange in flat triangle.

Flashcard 29: What type of bond is present in $\text{H}_2\text{O}$?

Answer: Polar covalent bond. O is more electronegative than H, creating unequal sharing.

Flashcard 30: Identify the strongest type of interparticle force present in water.

Answer: Hydrogen bonding. H bonded to O creates strong dipole-dipole interactions.

Flashcard 31: What is the term for the energy change when a bond is formed?

Answer: Bond formation enthalpy. Energy released when atoms combine to form bonds.

Flashcard 32: What is the bond angle in a molecule with trigonal planar shape?

Answer: 120 degrees. Three electron groups spread equally around central atom.

Flashcard 33: Name the type of intermolecular force that exists between ions and polar molecules.

Answer: Ion-dipole interactions. Charges attract polar molecule's partial charges.

Flashcard 34: What is the typical bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule?

Answer: 109.5 degrees. Four electron groups arrange to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 35: Identify the type of force that holds $\text{Na}^+$ and $\text{Cl}^-$ together.

Answer: Ionic bond. Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Flashcard 36: What is the VSEPR shape of $\text{BF}_3$?

Answer: Trigonal planar. Three bonding groups arrange in flat triangle.

Flashcard 37: What type of bond is present in $\text{H}_2\text{O}$?

Answer: Polar covalent bond. O is more electronegative than H, creating unequal sharing.

Flashcard 38: What is the molecular geometry of $\text{NH}_3$?

Answer: Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonds plus one lone pair create pyramid shape.

Flashcard 39: What type of interaction occurs between nonpolar molecules?

Answer: London dispersion forces. Temporary dipoles induce attractions in all molecules.

Flashcard 40: Which has stronger intermolecular forces: $\text{HCl}$ or $\text{Ar}$?

Answer: $\text{HCl}$. HCl has dipole-dipole forces vs. Ar's dispersion only.

Flashcard 41: What is the typical bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule?

Answer: 109.5 degrees. Four electron groups arrange to minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 42: What is the strongest type of intramolecular force?

Answer: Covalent bond. Shared electrons create the strongest molecular attractions.

Flashcard 43: Name the type of bond formed between metals and nonmetals.

Answer: Ionic bond. Metal cations and nonmetal anions attract electrostatically.

Flashcard 44: Which molecule has a higher boiling point: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ or $\text{H}_2\text{S}$?

Answer: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$. Hydrogen bonding in water vs. weaker forces in H₂S.

Flashcard 45: Identify the weakest type of intermolecular force.

Answer: London dispersion forces. Temporary induced dipoles provide minimal attraction.

Flashcard 46: What type of bonding is predominant in metallic substances?

Answer: Metallic bonding. Sea of delocalized electrons holds metal atoms together.

Flashcard 47: What is the primary intermolecular force in $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}$?

Answer: Hydrogen bonding. O-H bond enables hydrogen bonding with other molecules.

Flashcard 48: What is the term for the attraction between molecules of the same substance?

Answer: Cohesion. Intermolecular forces between identical molecules.

Flashcard 49: What type of bond is present in $\text{H}_2\text{O}$?

Answer: Polar covalent bond. O is more electronegative than H, creating unequal sharing.

Flashcard 50: What is the term for the attraction between different substances?

Answer: Adhesion. Forces between molecules of different substances.

Flashcard 51: Name the type of intermolecular force that exists between ions and polar molecules.

Answer: Ion-dipole interactions. Charges attract polar molecule's partial charges.

Flashcard 52: Identify the main type of intermolecular force in $\text{CCl}_4$.

Answer: London dispersion forces. Large, polarizable molecule exhibits strong dispersion forces.

Flashcard 53: What is the VSEPR shape of $\text{CH}_4$?

Answer: Tetrahedral. Four bonding groups around carbon minimize repulsion.

Flashcard 54: What is the primary intermolecular force in $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}$?

Answer: Hydrogen bonding. O-H bond enables hydrogen bonding with other molecules.

Flashcard 55: Which has stronger intermolecular forces: $\text{HCl}$ or $\text{Ar}$?

Answer: $\text{HCl}$. HCl has dipole-dipole forces vs. Ar's dispersion only.