Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells - AP Chemistry
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What is the role of inert electrodes like platinum?
What is the role of inert electrodes like platinum?
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To conduct electrons without participating in the reaction. Provide surface for electron transfer without reacting.
To conduct electrons without participating in the reaction. Provide surface for electron transfer without reacting.
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What occurs at the cathode in an electrolytic cell?
What occurs at the cathode in an electrolytic cell?
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Reduction. Reduction still occurs at cathode regardless of cell type.
Reduction. Reduction still occurs at cathode regardless of cell type.
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What is the primary function of an electrolytic cell?
What is the primary function of an electrolytic cell?
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To convert electrical energy into chemical energy. External power source drives non-spontaneous redox reactions.
To convert electrical energy into chemical energy. External power source drives non-spontaneous redox reactions.
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State the function of a power source in an electrolytic cell.
State the function of a power source in an electrolytic cell.
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To provide energy for non-spontaneous reactions. Overcomes negative cell potential of non-spontaneous reactions.
To provide energy for non-spontaneous reactions. Overcomes negative cell potential of non-spontaneous reactions.
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Find the cell potential given $E_{cathode} = 0.80$ V and $E_{anode} = 0.40$ V.
Find the cell potential given $E_{cathode} = 0.80$ V and $E_{anode} = 0.40$ V.
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$0.40$ V. Using $E_{cell} = E_{cathode} - E_{anode} = 0.80 - 0.40$.
$0.40$ V. Using $E_{cell} = E_{cathode} - E_{anode} = 0.80 - 0.40$.
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What is the purpose of an external circuit in a galvanic cell?
What is the purpose of an external circuit in a galvanic cell?
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To allow electron flow. Completes circuit for electron movement between electrodes.
To allow electron flow. Completes circuit for electron movement between electrodes.
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What occurs at the cathode in an electrolytic cell?
What occurs at the cathode in an electrolytic cell?
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Reduction. Reduction still occurs at cathode regardless of cell type.
Reduction. Reduction still occurs at cathode regardless of cell type.
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State the effect of temperature on cell potential.
State the effect of temperature on cell potential.
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Cell potential generally decreases with increasing temperature. Higher temperature typically reduces driving force for reaction.
Cell potential generally decreases with increasing temperature. Higher temperature typically reduces driving force for reaction.
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Identify the charge of the anode in a galvanic cell.
Identify the charge of the anode in a galvanic cell.
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Negative. Loses electrons during oxidation, creating electron excess.
Negative. Loses electrons during oxidation, creating electron excess.
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What occurs at the cathode in a galvanic cell?
What occurs at the cathode in a galvanic cell?
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Reduction. Electrons are gained, making cathode the electron destination.
Reduction. Electrons are gained, making cathode the electron destination.
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What is the role of the salt bridge in a galvanic cell?
What is the role of the salt bridge in a galvanic cell?
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To maintain electrical neutrality. Allows ion migration to balance charge as reactions proceed.
To maintain electrical neutrality. Allows ion migration to balance charge as reactions proceed.
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What happens to the mass of the anode in a galvanic cell during operation?
What happens to the mass of the anode in a galvanic cell during operation?
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It decreases. Metal atoms leave electrode as oxidation occurs.
It decreases. Metal atoms leave electrode as oxidation occurs.
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What is the primary function of a galvanic cell?
What is the primary function of a galvanic cell?
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To convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Spontaneous redox reactions drive electron flow through external circuit.
To convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Spontaneous redox reactions drive electron flow through external circuit.
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Which metal acts as a reducing agent in a galvanic cell?
Which metal acts as a reducing agent in a galvanic cell?
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The metal at the anode. Undergoes oxidation, losing electrons to external circuit.
The metal at the anode. Undergoes oxidation, losing electrons to external circuit.
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What is the standard cell potential $(E^\theta)$ for a galvanic cell?
What is the standard cell potential $(E^\theta)$ for a galvanic cell?
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Positive. Spontaneous reactions have positive cell potentials.
Positive. Spontaneous reactions have positive cell potentials.
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State the effect of temperature on cell potential.
State the effect of temperature on cell potential.
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Cell potential generally decreases with increasing temperature. Higher temperature typically reduces driving force for reaction.
Cell potential generally decreases with increasing temperature. Higher temperature typically reduces driving force for reaction.
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What happens to the mass of the anode in a galvanic cell during operation?
What happens to the mass of the anode in a galvanic cell during operation?
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It decreases. Metal atoms leave electrode as oxidation occurs.
It decreases. Metal atoms leave electrode as oxidation occurs.
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What is the primary function of a galvanic cell?
What is the primary function of a galvanic cell?
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To convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Spontaneous redox reactions drive electron flow through external circuit.
To convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Spontaneous redox reactions drive electron flow through external circuit.
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What occurs at the anode in a galvanic cell?
What occurs at the anode in a galvanic cell?
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Oxidation. Electrons are lost, making anode the source of electrons.
Oxidation. Electrons are lost, making anode the source of electrons.
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State the relationship between Gibbs free energy and cell potential.
State the relationship between Gibbs free energy and cell potential.
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$\Delta G = -nFE_{cell}$. Links thermodynamic favorability to electrochemical potential.
$\Delta G = -nFE_{cell}$. Links thermodynamic favorability to electrochemical potential.
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What occurs at the cathode in a galvanic cell?
What occurs at the cathode in a galvanic cell?
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Reduction. Electrons are gained, making cathode the electron destination.
Reduction. Electrons are gained, making cathode the electron destination.
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State the Nernst equation.
State the Nernst equation.
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$E = E^\theta - \frac{RT}{nF} \ln Q$. Accounts for concentration effects on cell potential.
$E = E^\theta - \frac{RT}{nF} \ln Q$. Accounts for concentration effects on cell potential.
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What occurs at the anode in an electrolytic cell?
What occurs at the anode in an electrolytic cell?
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Oxidation. Oxidation still occurs at anode regardless of cell type.
Oxidation. Oxidation still occurs at anode regardless of cell type.
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State the direction of electron flow in an electrolytic cell.
State the direction of electron flow in an electrolytic cell.
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From cathode to anode. External power source forces electrons from cathode to anode.
From cathode to anode. External power source forces electrons from cathode to anode.
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What is the main difference between galvanic and electrolytic cells?
What is the main difference between galvanic and electrolytic cells?
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Galvanic cells are spontaneous; electrolytic cells are non-spontaneous. Spontaneity determines whether external power is needed.
Galvanic cells are spontaneous; electrolytic cells are non-spontaneous. Spontaneity determines whether external power is needed.
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What does a negative cell potential indicate?
What does a negative cell potential indicate?
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The reaction is non-spontaneous. External energy required to drive the reaction forward.
The reaction is non-spontaneous. External energy required to drive the reaction forward.
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State the effect of temperature on cell potential.
State the effect of temperature on cell potential.
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Cell potential generally decreases with increasing temperature. Higher temperature typically reduces driving force for reaction.
Cell potential generally decreases with increasing temperature. Higher temperature typically reduces driving force for reaction.
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What is the standard cell potential $(E^\theta)$ for a galvanic cell?
What is the standard cell potential $(E^\theta)$ for a galvanic cell?
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Positive. Spontaneous reactions have positive cell potentials.
Positive. Spontaneous reactions have positive cell potentials.
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Which metal acts as a reducing agent in a galvanic cell?
Which metal acts as a reducing agent in a galvanic cell?
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The metal at the anode. Undergoes oxidation, losing electrons to external circuit.
The metal at the anode. Undergoes oxidation, losing electrons to external circuit.
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What happens to the mass of the anode in a galvanic cell during operation?
What happens to the mass of the anode in a galvanic cell during operation?
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It decreases. Metal atoms leave electrode as oxidation occurs.
It decreases. Metal atoms leave electrode as oxidation occurs.
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