Excretory Anatomy

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AP Biology › Excretory Anatomy

Questions 1 - 10
1

What is the correct order through the excretory system from start to end?

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, ureter

Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, loop of Henle, ureter

Glomerulus, loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, ureter

Loop of Henle, ureter, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule

Loop of Henle, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, ureter

Explanation

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, ureter is the correct order. Blood is filtered from the glomerulus and becomes the filtrate as it enters the Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then passes through the loop of Henle of the nephron and exits the kidney, entering the ureter as urine where it is collected in the urinary bladder.

2

What is the correct order through the excretory system from start to end?

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, ureter

Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, loop of Henle, ureter

Glomerulus, loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, ureter

Loop of Henle, ureter, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule

Loop of Henle, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, ureter

Explanation

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, ureter is the correct order. Blood is filtered from the glomerulus and becomes the filtrate as it enters the Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then passes through the loop of Henle of the nephron and exits the kidney, entering the ureter as urine where it is collected in the urinary bladder.

3

Which of the following organs is involved in exocrine function?

All of these choices are correct

Kidneys

Skin

Pancreas

Explanation

The kidneys are responsible for the excretion of urine, while the skin secretes sweat from the body. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into glands and ducts. Exocrine function differs from endocrine function, in that exocrine excretions involve ducts that generally lead to the body's exterior. Endocrine functions, in contrast, will enter the blood stream and be distributed throughout the body.

4

Which of the following organs is involved in exocrine function?

All of these choices are correct

Kidneys

Skin

Pancreas

Explanation

The kidneys are responsible for the excretion of urine, while the skin secretes sweat from the body. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into glands and ducts. Exocrine function differs from endocrine function, in that exocrine excretions involve ducts that generally lead to the body's exterior. Endocrine functions, in contrast, will enter the blood stream and be distributed throughout the body.

5

What is a commonality between excretory systems of worms, insects, and vertebrates?

All of these answers

A complex network of tubules

A large surface area

Reabsorption mechanisms for water and ions

Explanation

The overall organ systems that perform excretory functions are highly variable between animal groups. All animals, however, share some common features. Water and ion balances must be tightly regulated by reabsorption mechanisms, in order to maintain organismal homeostasis and functions. To assist in this process, the vessels for filtrate transport must have a large surface area. Proteins, pumps, and channels along this surface serve to moderate water and ion transport.

6

What is a commonality between excretory systems of worms, insects, and vertebrates?

All of these answers

A complex network of tubules

A large surface area

Reabsorption mechanisms for water and ions

Explanation

The overall organ systems that perform excretory functions are highly variable between animal groups. All animals, however, share some common features. Water and ion balances must be tightly regulated by reabsorption mechanisms, in order to maintain organismal homeostasis and functions. To assist in this process, the vessels for filtrate transport must have a large surface area. Proteins, pumps, and channels along this surface serve to moderate water and ion transport.

7

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephrons

Neurons

Renal medulla

Renal corpuscles

Explanation

The nephrons are the smallest functional unit in the kidney. They are responsible for the filtration and concentration of urine.

Neurons are the smallest functional unit of the nervous system. The renal medulla is the region on the interior of the kidney, as opposed to the renal cortex. Renal corpuscles are used to filter blood into the nephron, and consist of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

8

Which term describes a one-way valve composed of smooth muscle that functions in elimination?

Sphincter

Varix

Plica

Cecum

Vilus

Explanation

A sphincter is a circular band of mucle that, when constricted, closes an orifice. For example, the pyloric sphincter prevents stomach contents from entering the small intestine before it has been properly digested.

A varix is a twisted, dilated vein, as in varicose vein. Plica refers to one of the folds of the intestinal mucosa. The cecum is a blind pouch at the end of the ascending colon. At its end is the appendix. A vilus is the singular term for "villi," and refers to the minute projections on the intestinal mucosa that function in the absorption of nutrients.

9

Which term describes a one-way valve composed of smooth muscle that functions in elimination?

Sphincter

Varix

Plica

Cecum

Vilus

Explanation

A sphincter is a circular band of mucle that, when constricted, closes an orifice. For example, the pyloric sphincter prevents stomach contents from entering the small intestine before it has been properly digested.

A varix is a twisted, dilated vein, as in varicose vein. Plica refers to one of the folds of the intestinal mucosa. The cecum is a blind pouch at the end of the ascending colon. At its end is the appendix. A vilus is the singular term for "villi," and refers to the minute projections on the intestinal mucosa that function in the absorption of nutrients.

10

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephrons

Neurons

Renal medulla

Renal corpuscles

Explanation

The nephrons are the smallest functional unit in the kidney. They are responsible for the filtration and concentration of urine.

Neurons are the smallest functional unit of the nervous system. The renal medulla is the region on the interior of the kidney, as opposed to the renal cortex. Renal corpuscles are used to filter blood into the nephron, and consist of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

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