DNA Structure and Function
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AP Biology › DNA Structure and Function
Which type of bond makes up the backbone of DNA strands by linking together adjacent nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bond
Peptide bond
Glycosidic bond
Hydrogen bond
Ester bond
Explanation
DNA and RNA nucleotides are linked together through phosphodiester bonds. A strong covalent bond (ester bond) forms between the 3' carbon atom of the sugar pentose of one nucleotide and a phosphate group, and a second ester bond forms between the phosphate group and the 5' carbon atom of the sugar pentose of another nucleotide. This alternation of sugar and phosphate groups forms a strong backbone and is also the reason why DNA is antiparallel and forms in the 5' to 3' direction.
If a structural gene in an organism's genome is comprised of 29% guanine nucleotides, what percentage of the gene is comprised of cytosine nucleotides?
29%
21%
42%
19%
It cannot be determined from the given information.
Explanation
This question is designed to catch a) students who are not reading the question carefully, and b) students unsure of which nucleotides pair with which.
The correct answer is 29%, because cytosine pairs with guanine in a 1:1 ratio. If you answered 21%, then you likely thought the question was more complex than it was.
Which type of bond makes up the backbone of DNA strands by linking together adjacent nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bond
Peptide bond
Glycosidic bond
Hydrogen bond
Ester bond
Explanation
DNA and RNA nucleotides are linked together through phosphodiester bonds. A strong covalent bond (ester bond) forms between the 3' carbon atom of the sugar pentose of one nucleotide and a phosphate group, and a second ester bond forms between the phosphate group and the 5' carbon atom of the sugar pentose of another nucleotide. This alternation of sugar and phosphate groups forms a strong backbone and is also the reason why DNA is antiparallel and forms in the 5' to 3' direction.
If a structural gene in an organism's genome is comprised of 29% guanine nucleotides, what percentage of the gene is comprised of cytosine nucleotides?
29%
21%
42%
19%
It cannot be determined from the given information.
Explanation
This question is designed to catch a) students who are not reading the question carefully, and b) students unsure of which nucleotides pair with which.
The correct answer is 29%, because cytosine pairs with guanine in a 1:1 ratio. If you answered 21%, then you likely thought the question was more complex than it was.
Which type of bond makes up the backbone of DNA strands by linking together adjacent nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bond
Peptide bond
Glycosidic bond
Hydrogen bond
Ester bond
Explanation
DNA and RNA nucleotides are linked together through phosphodiester bonds. A strong covalent bond (ester bond) forms between the 3' carbon atom of the sugar pentose of one nucleotide and a phosphate group, and a second ester bond forms between the phosphate group and the 5' carbon atom of the sugar pentose of another nucleotide. This alternation of sugar and phosphate groups forms a strong backbone and is also the reason why DNA is antiparallel and forms in the 5' to 3' direction.
If a structural gene in an organism's genome is comprised of 29% guanine nucleotides, what percentage of the gene is comprised of cytosine nucleotides?
29%
21%
42%
19%
It cannot be determined from the given information.
Explanation
This question is designed to catch a) students who are not reading the question carefully, and b) students unsure of which nucleotides pair with which.
The correct answer is 29%, because cytosine pairs with guanine in a 1:1 ratio. If you answered 21%, then you likely thought the question was more complex than it was.
There is a certain type of chemical bonding between the paired nucleotides on each strand of DNA which helps maintain the double-helix structure of DNA by attracting each strand to the other. What type of bonding is responsible for this?
Hydrogen
Phosphodiester
Ionic
Covalent
Peptide
Explanation
The correct answer is hydrogen bonding, and each nucleotide attracts its pairing mate because they have corresponding number of hydrogen bonds. Adenine is attracted to thymine to create two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine is attracted to guanine to form three hydrogen bonds. While phosphodiester bonds are very important in creating the strand of DNA, they are not the bond that keeps the two strands in the double helix structure.
When synthesizing a strand of double-stranded DNA, which of the following could be a plausible combination of nitrogen bases?
28% Adenine, 22% cytosine, 22% guanine, 28% thymine
48% Adenine, 52% cytosine, 52% guanine, 48% thymine
24% Adenine, 24% cytosine, 26% guanine, 26% thymine
23% Adenine, 23% cytosine, 27% guanine, 27% uracil
None of these
Explanation
DNA nucleotides all contain one of four possible nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). In forming base pairs, an A must always pair with a T and a C must always pair with a G: \[A-T\], \[C-G\]. This means that for any DNA composition, the percent of adenine (A) must be equal to the percent of thymine (T) and, likewise, the percent of cytosine (C) must be equal to the percent of guanine (G). Looking across the answer choices, there is only one choice that satisfies this condition while also correctly summing to 100%. The choice with uracil can be eliminated immediately, since uracil only replaces thymine in RNA and is not present in DNA.
When synthesizing a strand of double-stranded DNA, which of the following could be a plausible combination of nitrogen bases?
28% Adenine, 22% cytosine, 22% guanine, 28% thymine
48% Adenine, 52% cytosine, 52% guanine, 48% thymine
24% Adenine, 24% cytosine, 26% guanine, 26% thymine
23% Adenine, 23% cytosine, 27% guanine, 27% uracil
None of these
Explanation
DNA nucleotides all contain one of four possible nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). In forming base pairs, an A must always pair with a T and a C must always pair with a G: \[A-T\], \[C-G\]. This means that for any DNA composition, the percent of adenine (A) must be equal to the percent of thymine (T) and, likewise, the percent of cytosine (C) must be equal to the percent of guanine (G). Looking across the answer choices, there is only one choice that satisfies this condition while also correctly summing to 100%. The choice with uracil can be eliminated immediately, since uracil only replaces thymine in RNA and is not present in DNA.
When synthesizing a strand of double-stranded DNA, which of the following could be a plausible combination of nitrogen bases?
28% Adenine, 22% cytosine, 22% guanine, 28% thymine
48% Adenine, 52% cytosine, 52% guanine, 48% thymine
24% Adenine, 24% cytosine, 26% guanine, 26% thymine
23% Adenine, 23% cytosine, 27% guanine, 27% uracil
None of these
Explanation
DNA nucleotides all contain one of four possible nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). In forming base pairs, an A must always pair with a T and a C must always pair with a G: \[A-T\], \[C-G\]. This means that for any DNA composition, the percent of adenine (A) must be equal to the percent of thymine (T) and, likewise, the percent of cytosine (C) must be equal to the percent of guanine (G). Looking across the answer choices, there is only one choice that satisfies this condition while also correctly summing to 100%. The choice with uracil can be eliminated immediately, since uracil only replaces thymine in RNA and is not present in DNA.