Understanding Water and Nutrient Transport - AP Biology

Plants do not have the ability to actively transport water to their respective cells. Instead, water undergoes capillary action, which allows it to flow upward against gravity. When the water is located in a very narrow chamber, such as the xylem of a plant, it creates intermolecular interactions with the walls of the chamber. These interactions allow small amounts of the water to "climb" the chamber walls. Due to the cohesion of water, whereby it is attracted to itself, more water molecules follow the "climbing" adhesion molecules. This subsequently allows the adhering molecules to climb higher, and the joint interaction of the adhesion and cohesion eventually allow the water to reach the topmost region of the plant (the leaves). Water is then released from the stomata, furthering the pull of water to the region of low pressure.

One of water's most distinctive properties is cohesion—that is, the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to one another. In plants, this cohesion results in columns of water that stretch through the plant's xylem (the vascular tissue responsible for transport of water), from the roots all the way to the leaves. During transpiration, water evaporates from plants' leaves. Because of the cohesion of water, whenever water evaporates, more molecules are "pulled" into the roots to maintain the column of water. This is the transpirational pull-cohesion tension theory.

In contrast, adhesion is the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to other substances, such as the walls of a glass. Adhesion is responsible for the curved meniscus of water in a graduated cylinder. Phloem is responsible for sugar and carbohydrate transport in plants, while xylem transports water.

Desert plants would have different water retention and utilization strategies. They would likely use C4 or CAM photosynthesis. The C4 and CAM pathways are specific adaptations to arid conditions. They allow higher water retention, which is needed in the desert but not the rainforest. Since the main difference between these two environments is the abundance of water, even if the other options were true, they are minor differences in comparison to the need to utilize water differently.

A plant's vascular tissues transport nutrients throughout the plant, just as the circulatory system transports nutrients throughout human bodies. While blood is the primary solvent for nutrients in humans, water is the primary solvent for nutrients in plants. Animals, however, use blood pressure to propel nutrients throughout the body while plants use gravity and the cohesive properties of water to transport nutrients.

The two primary types of plant vascular tissue are xylem, which transports water, and phloem, which transports organic molecules like glucose.

Plants do not have the ability to actively transport water to their respective cells. Instead, water undergoes capillary action, which allows it to flow upward against gravity. When the water is located in a very narrow chamber, such as the xylem of a plant, it creates intermolecular interactions with the walls of the chamber. These interactions allow small amounts of the water to "climb" the chamber walls. Due to the cohesion of water, whereby it is attracted to itself, more water molecules follow the "climbing" adhesion molecules. This subsequently allows the adhering molecules to climb higher, and the joint interaction of the adhesion and cohesion eventually allow the water to reach the topmost region of the plant (the leaves). Water is then released from the stomata, furthering the pull of water to the region of low pressure.

One of water's most distinctive properties is cohesion—that is, the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to one another. In plants, this cohesion results in columns of water that stretch through the plant's xylem (the vascular tissue responsible for transport of water), from the roots all the way to the leaves. During transpiration, water evaporates from plants' leaves. Because of the cohesion of water, whenever water evaporates, more molecules are "pulled" into the roots to maintain the column of water. This is the transpirational pull-cohesion tension theory.

In contrast, adhesion is the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to other substances, such as the walls of a glass. Adhesion is responsible for the curved meniscus of water in a graduated cylinder. Phloem is responsible for sugar and carbohydrate transport in plants, while xylem transports water.

Desert plants would have different water retention and utilization strategies. They would likely use C4 or CAM photosynthesis. The C4 and CAM pathways are specific adaptations to arid conditions. They allow higher water retention, which is needed in the desert but not the rainforest. Since the main difference between these two environments is the abundance of water, even if the other options were true, they are minor differences in comparison to the need to utilize water differently.

A plant's vascular tissues transport nutrients throughout the plant, just as the circulatory system transports nutrients throughout human bodies. While blood is the primary solvent for nutrients in humans, water is the primary solvent for nutrients in plants. Animals, however, use blood pressure to propel nutrients throughout the body while plants use gravity and the cohesive properties of water to transport nutrients.

The two primary types of plant vascular tissue are xylem, which transports water, and phloem, which transports organic molecules like glucose.

Plants do not have the ability to actively transport water to their respective cells. Instead, water undergoes capillary action, which allows it to flow upward against gravity. When the water is located in a very narrow chamber, such as the xylem of a plant, it creates intermolecular interactions with the walls of the chamber. These interactions allow small amounts of the water to "climb" the chamber walls. Due to the cohesion of water, whereby it is attracted to itself, more water molecules follow the "climbing" adhesion molecules. This subsequently allows the adhering molecules to climb higher, and the joint interaction of the adhesion and cohesion eventually allow the water to reach the topmost region of the plant (the leaves). Water is then released from the stomata, furthering the pull of water to the region of low pressure.

One of water's most distinctive properties is cohesion—that is, the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to one another. In plants, this cohesion results in columns of water that stretch through the plant's xylem (the vascular tissue responsible for transport of water), from the roots all the way to the leaves. During transpiration, water evaporates from plants' leaves. Because of the cohesion of water, whenever water evaporates, more molecules are "pulled" into the roots to maintain the column of water. This is the transpirational pull-cohesion tension theory.

In contrast, adhesion is the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to other substances, such as the walls of a glass. Adhesion is responsible for the curved meniscus of water in a graduated cylinder. Phloem is responsible for sugar and carbohydrate transport in plants, while xylem transports water.

Desert plants would have different water retention and utilization strategies. They would likely use C4 or CAM photosynthesis. The C4 and CAM pathways are specific adaptations to arid conditions. They allow higher water retention, which is needed in the desert but not the rainforest. Since the main difference between these two environments is the abundance of water, even if the other options were true, they are minor differences in comparison to the need to utilize water differently.

A plant's vascular tissues transport nutrients throughout the plant, just as the circulatory system transports nutrients throughout human bodies. While blood is the primary solvent for nutrients in humans, water is the primary solvent for nutrients in plants. Animals, however, use blood pressure to propel nutrients throughout the body while plants use gravity and the cohesive properties of water to transport nutrients.

The two primary types of plant vascular tissue are xylem, which transports water, and phloem, which transports organic molecules like glucose.

Plants do not have the ability to actively transport water to their respective cells. Instead, water undergoes capillary action, which allows it to flow upward against gravity. When the water is located in a very narrow chamber, such as the xylem of a plant, it creates intermolecular interactions with the walls of the chamber. These interactions allow small amounts of the water to "climb" the chamber walls. Due to the cohesion of water, whereby it is attracted to itself, more water molecules follow the "climbing" adhesion molecules. This subsequently allows the adhering molecules to climb higher, and the joint interaction of the adhesion and cohesion eventually allow the water to reach the topmost region of the plant (the leaves). Water is then released from the stomata, furthering the pull of water to the region of low pressure.

One of water's most distinctive properties is cohesion—that is, the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to one another. In plants, this cohesion results in columns of water that stretch through the plant's xylem (the vascular tissue responsible for transport of water), from the roots all the way to the leaves. During transpiration, water evaporates from plants' leaves. Because of the cohesion of water, whenever water evaporates, more molecules are "pulled" into the roots to maintain the column of water. This is the transpirational pull-cohesion tension theory.

In contrast, adhesion is the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to other substances, such as the walls of a glass. Adhesion is responsible for the curved meniscus of water in a graduated cylinder. Phloem is responsible for sugar and carbohydrate transport in plants, while xylem transports water.

Desert plants would have different water retention and utilization strategies. They would likely use C4 or CAM photosynthesis. The C4 and CAM pathways are specific adaptations to arid conditions. They allow higher water retention, which is needed in the desert but not the rainforest. Since the main difference between these two environments is the abundance of water, even if the other options were true, they are minor differences in comparison to the need to utilize water differently.

A plant's vascular tissues transport nutrients throughout the plant, just as the circulatory system transports nutrients throughout human bodies. While blood is the primary solvent for nutrients in humans, water is the primary solvent for nutrients in plants. Animals, however, use blood pressure to propel nutrients throughout the body while plants use gravity and the cohesive properties of water to transport nutrients.

The two primary types of plant vascular tissue are xylem, which transports water, and phloem, which transports organic molecules like glucose.

Plants do not have the ability to actively transport water to their respective cells. Instead, water undergoes capillary action, which allows it to flow upward against gravity. When the water is located in a very narrow chamber, such as the xylem of a plant, it creates intermolecular interactions with the walls of the chamber. These interactions allow small amounts of the water to "climb" the chamber walls. Due to the cohesion of water, whereby it is attracted to itself, more water molecules follow the "climbing" adhesion molecules. This subsequently allows the adhering molecules to climb higher, and the joint interaction of the adhesion and cohesion eventually allow the water to reach the topmost region of the plant (the leaves). Water is then released from the stomata, furthering the pull of water to the region of low pressure.

One of water's most distinctive properties is cohesion—that is, the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to one another. In plants, this cohesion results in columns of water that stretch through the plant's xylem (the vascular tissue responsible for transport of water), from the roots all the way to the leaves. During transpiration, water evaporates from plants' leaves. Because of the cohesion of water, whenever water evaporates, more molecules are "pulled" into the roots to maintain the column of water. This is the transpirational pull-cohesion tension theory.

In contrast, adhesion is the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to other substances, such as the walls of a glass. Adhesion is responsible for the curved meniscus of water in a graduated cylinder. Phloem is responsible for sugar and carbohydrate transport in plants, while xylem transports water.

Desert plants would have different water retention and utilization strategies. They would likely use C4 or CAM photosynthesis. The C4 and CAM pathways are specific adaptations to arid conditions. They allow higher water retention, which is needed in the desert but not the rainforest. Since the main difference between these two environments is the abundance of water, even if the other options were true, they are minor differences in comparison to the need to utilize water differently.