Perform chi squared test - AP Biology

First, determine the expected ratios using a Punnet Square. Given that red is dominant to white, the genotype of a true-breeding white flower can be denoted rr, and the genotype of a heterozygous flower can be denoted Rr. This cross will produce 50% Rr, 50% rr. Then, converting these percentages to decimals (50%= 0.50), and multiplying by the total population size of the observed population (0.50*100), gives expected values of 50 Rr (red flowers) and 50 rr (white flowers). These expected values and the observed values can then be plugged into the chi square equation . The equation will be . Degrees of freedom is n-1, so 2-1= 1. To determine p-value, use critical values table. The chi square value of 6.76 with 1 degrees of freedom will fall between a critical value corresponding with a p-value of 0.05 and 0.025. Thus, p>0.025

A larger difference between observed and expected values will result in a larger chi square value. Using the critical values table, for a given degrees of freedom, as chi square value increases, p-value decreases.

When the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected. For the p-value to be low, the chi square value would need to be large (large difference between observed and expected values). The null hypothesis would not be accepted (under no circumstance is a null hypothesis “accepted”; onlay rejected or failed to reject). The alternative hypothesis would be accepted if the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha).

A larger difference between observed and expected values will result in a larger chi square value. Using the critical values table, for a given degrees of freedom, as chi square value increases, p-value decreases. A small p-value results in rejection of the null hypothesis.

If the chi square value is large, this indicates a large difference between the observed and expected values. This will subsequently result in a small p-value when using the critical value table. When the p-value is equal to or smaller than the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected.

Critical values cannot be negative. The chi squared formula will not result in a negative value as the numerator is squared.

First, determine the expected ratios using a Punnet Square. Given that red is dominant to white, the genotype of a true-breeding white flower can be denoted rr, and the genotype of a heterozygous flower can be denoted Rr. This cross will produce 50% Rr, 50% rr. Then, converting these percentages to decimals (50%= 0.50), and multiplying by the total population size of the observed population (0.50*100), gives expected values of 50 Rr (red flowers) and 50 rr (white flowers). These expected values and the observed values can then be plugged into the chi square equation . The equation will be . Degrees of freedom is n-1, so 2-1= 1. To determine p-value, use critical values table. The chi square value of 6.76 with 1 degrees of freedom will fall between a critical value corresponding with a p-value of 0.05 and 0.025. Thus, p>0.025

A larger difference between observed and expected values will result in a larger chi square value. Using the critical values table, for a given degrees of freedom, as chi square value increases, p-value decreases.

When the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected. For the p-value to be low, the chi square value would need to be large (large difference between observed and expected values). The null hypothesis would not be accepted (under no circumstance is a null hypothesis “accepted”; onlay rejected or failed to reject). The alternative hypothesis would be accepted if the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha).

A larger difference between observed and expected values will result in a larger chi square value. Using the critical values table, for a given degrees of freedom, as chi square value increases, p-value decreases. A small p-value results in rejection of the null hypothesis.

If the chi square value is large, this indicates a large difference between the observed and expected values. This will subsequently result in a small p-value when using the critical value table. When the p-value is equal to or smaller than the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected.

First, determine the expected ratios using a Punnet Square. Given that red is dominant to white, the genotype of a true-breeding white flower can be denoted rr, and the genotype of a heterozygous flower can be denoted Rr. This cross will produce 50% Rr, 50% rr. Then, converting these percentages to decimals (50%= 0.50), and multiplying by the total population size of the observed population (0.50*100), gives expected values of 50 Rr (red flowers) and 50 rr (white flowers). These expected values and the observed values can then be plugged into the chi square equation . The equation will be . Degrees of freedom is n-1, so 2-1= 1. To determine p-value, use critical values table. The chi square value of 6.76 with 1 degrees of freedom will fall between a critical value corresponding with a p-value of 0.05 and 0.025. Thus, p>0.025

A larger difference between observed and expected values will result in a larger chi square value. Using the critical values table, for a given degrees of freedom, as chi square value increases, p-value decreases.

When the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected. For the p-value to be low, the chi square value would need to be large (large difference between observed and expected values). The null hypothesis would not be accepted (under no circumstance is a null hypothesis “accepted”; onlay rejected or failed to reject). The alternative hypothesis would be accepted if the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha).

A larger difference between observed and expected values will result in a larger chi square value. Using the critical values table, for a given degrees of freedom, as chi square value increases, p-value decreases. A small p-value results in rejection of the null hypothesis.

Critical values cannot be negative. The chi squared formula will not result in a negative value as the numerator is squared.

If the chi square value is large, this indicates a large difference between the observed and expected values. This will subsequently result in a small p-value when using the critical value table. When the p-value is equal to or smaller than the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected.

First, determine the expected ratios using a Punnet Square. Given that red is dominant to white, the genotype of a true-breeding white flower can be denoted rr, and the genotype of a heterozygous flower can be denoted Rr. This cross will produce 50% Rr, 50% rr. Then, converting these percentages to decimals (50%= 0.50), and multiplying by the total population size of the observed population (0.50*100), gives expected values of 50 Rr (red flowers) and 50 rr (white flowers). These expected values and the observed values can then be plugged into the chi square equation . The equation will be . Degrees of freedom is n-1, so 2-1= 1. To determine p-value, use critical values table. The chi square value of 6.76 with 1 degrees of freedom will fall between a critical value corresponding with a p-value of 0.05 and 0.025. Thus, p>0.025

A larger difference between observed and expected values will result in a larger chi square value. Using the critical values table, for a given degrees of freedom, as chi square value increases, p-value decreases.