Non-Mendelian Genetics - AP Biology

Human ABO blood group system. Three alleles (I^A, I^B, i) determine four blood types.

A trait controlled by two or more genes. Multiple genes contribute additively to the phenotype.

Skin color, which is influenced by multiple genes. Shows continuous variation due to multiple contributing genes.

A single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits. Results from the gene product affecting multiple biological pathways.

A trait determined by a gene located on the X chromosome. Shows different inheritance patterns in males versus females.

$50%$ chance. Males inherit the trait if mother carries the recessive allele.

One gene affects the expression of another gene located at a different locus. One gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene.

Human ABO blood group system. Three alleles (I^A, I^B, i) determine four blood types.

AB blood type, where both A and B alleles are expressed. A and B antigens are simultaneously expressed on red blood cells.

It can modify the expression of genetic traits. Gene-environment interactions influence final phenotypic outcomes.

A trait that is measured on a continuous scale and is usually polygenic. Shows bell curve distribution in populations.

Polygenic involves multiple genes contributing to one trait. Creates continuous variation instead of discrete phenotypic classes.

Shows the relative position of genes on a chromosome. Distance between genes correlates with recombination frequency.

An allele that causes death in the organism, usually before reproduction. Prevents organism survival or reproduction capability.

1:2:1. No masking of recessive phenotypes occurs in heterozygotes.

1:2:1. Each genotype produces a distinct, recognizable phenotype.

Sex-influenced. Expression depends on sex hormones affecting gene regulation.

The sickle cell gene affects both red blood cell shape and malaria resistance. One mutation affects multiple organ systems simultaneously.

The degree to which a genotype is expressed in an individual. Same genotype can produce varying degrees of phenotypic expression.

X-linked recessive. Primarily affects males due to X-linked location.

AB blood type, where both A and B alleles are expressed. A and B antigens are simultaneously expressed on red blood cells.

A trait that is measured on a continuous scale and is usually polygenic. Shows bell curve distribution in populations.

Shows the relative position of genes on a chromosome. Distance between genes correlates with recombination frequency.

Skin color, which is influenced by multiple genes. Shows continuous variation due to multiple contributing genes.

A single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits. Results from the gene product affecting multiple biological pathways.

A trait controlled by two or more genes. Multiple genes contribute additively to the phenotype.

One gene affects the expression of another gene located at a different locus. One gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene.

$50%$ chance. Males inherit the trait if mother carries the recessive allele.

Polygenic involves multiple genes contributing to one trait. Creates continuous variation instead of discrete phenotypic classes.