Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Architecture - AP Art History

Le Corbusier was both a practicing architect and an architectural theorist. These two identities were best joined in his design and construction of Villa Savoye outside of Paris. The building intentionally and forcefully followed Le Corbusier's manifesto Five Points of Architecture. The five points Villa Savoye followed were having pilotis that lifted the building off the ground, a functional roof that could be used as a garden, a free floor plan without load bearing walls allowing interior openness, large windows that provided vast amounts of natural light, and freely designed facades that acted merely as a skin on the outside of the building.

The Chrysler Building in midtown Manhattan was the tallest building in the world for eleven months, spanning from its completion in May of 1930 to the completion of the Empire State Building. Apart from sheer size, the Chrysler building was also notable as a shining example of Art Deco design. The building's brick artifice, metal crown, and use of modern technological design all were exactly in line with Art Deco's chief features.

A geodesic dome is a dome that features small triangle shapes over its face, which are created through the intersection of circles throughout what would be the total sphere. These triangles allow for the stress of the building's weight to be distributed over its entire structure, which allowed larger domes to be built in the twentieth century. The innovative architect Buckminster Fuller first demonstrated the architecture was possible, actively sought out opportunities to build domes, and coined the term "geodesic dome."

While Fallingwater is a thoroughly modern building, constructed in straight lines made out of concrete, glass, and steel, Frank Lloyd Wright was heavily inspired by Japanese architecture. Fallingwater was designed as a natural retreat for its owners, which meant Wright had to carefully blend the house into nature. Considering its use of natural light and a sense of blending the indoor and outdoor space, the house features many approaches which are borrowed from Japanese architectural ideas.

Le Corbusier was both a practicing architect and an architectural theorist. These two identities were best joined in his design and construction of Villa Savoye outside of Paris. The building intentionally and forcefully followed Le Corbusier's manifesto Five Points of Architecture. The five points Villa Savoye followed were having pilotis that lifted the building off the ground, a functional roof that could be used as a garden, a free floor plan without load bearing walls allowing interior openness, large windows that provided vast amounts of natural light, and freely designed facades that acted merely as a skin on the outside of the building.

Art Deco was a thoroughly early-twentieth-century phenomenon in arts and architecture, as it blended machine-age construction with traditional craftwork aesthetics. The designs featured a great deal of metal with rich colors, bold geometric shapes, and distinct ornamentation. One of the most famous Art Deco buildings is the Chrysler Building in New York.

"Beaux-Arts Architecture" refers to the style promoted by the École de Beaux-Arts in Paris, but especially as promulgated by Americans who had studied there and produced work in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The style was a mix of neoclassicism and rococo elements, with the unifying themes being grand spaces, small classical flourishes, flat roofs, arched windows, and fancy embellishments around doors and windows. Any utilitarian spaces were hidden from any obvious views in favor of grand entrances and sweeping hallways.

"Deconstructivism" refers to a style of architecture that seems to break down typical architectural conventions, often by using forms and shapes that curve and bend. Frank Gehry has worked in such a style most of his career, with his work on the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles being notable examples of his approach. These buildings feature curving lines and non-rectilineal shapes, hallmarks of the deconstructivist approach.

The "International Style" is a term that derives from a 1932 book of that name by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson. The two men used the term to described the then-contemporary aesthetic that had grown to dominate architecture since 1900. Uniting Bauhaus, Functionalism, and L'Esprit Nouveau styles, Hitchcock and Johnson promoted architecture that valued functionality, clean lines, and use of modern materials such as plate glass and steel.

Wright is best associated with the Prairie school. The hint in the question was the eaves and the roofs, as those provide that context.

The answer cannot be brutalism or functionalism as the homes and buildings created by Wright did not follow the simplistic styles of those schools: those schools would have obelisk-like buildings that lacked much detail.

Art Nouveau was a bit too early of a period for Wright to be associated with. Art Deco, though in the same period as Wright, differentiated by its ornate designs, in contradistinction with Wright's minimalist, natural designs.

Provenance is a very specific term to determine the ownership history of artworks. It is similar to lineage, but lineage has to do with people and their family trees.

Filing is not the answer, though many who purchase artworks do file ownership certificates or file such assets.

Apadana is a Persian audience hall and Intonaco is the final layer of plaster in Italian frescos.

While Fallingwater is a thoroughly modern building, constructed in straight lines made out of concrete, glass, and steel, Frank Lloyd Wright was heavily inspired by Japanese architecture. Fallingwater was designed as a natural retreat for its owners, which meant Wright had to carefully blend the house into nature. Considering its use of natural light and a sense of blending the indoor and outdoor space, the house features many approaches which are borrowed from Japanese architectural ideas.

Le Corbusier was both a practicing architect and an architectural theorist. These two identities were best joined in his design and construction of Villa Savoye outside of Paris. The building intentionally and forcefully followed Le Corbusier's manifesto Five Points of Architecture. The five points Villa Savoye followed were having pilotis that lifted the building off the ground, a functional roof that could be used as a garden, a free floor plan without load bearing walls allowing interior openness, large windows that provided vast amounts of natural light, and freely designed facades that acted merely as a skin on the outside of the building.

Art Deco was a thoroughly early-twentieth-century phenomenon in arts and architecture, as it blended machine-age construction with traditional craftwork aesthetics. The designs featured a great deal of metal with rich colors, bold geometric shapes, and distinct ornamentation. One of the most famous Art Deco buildings is the Chrysler Building in New York.

"Beaux-Arts Architecture" refers to the style promoted by the École de Beaux-Arts in Paris, but especially as promulgated by Americans who had studied there and produced work in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The style was a mix of neoclassicism and rococo elements, with the unifying themes being grand spaces, small classical flourishes, flat roofs, arched windows, and fancy embellishments around doors and windows. Any utilitarian spaces were hidden from any obvious views in favor of grand entrances and sweeping hallways.

"Deconstructivism" refers to a style of architecture that seems to break down typical architectural conventions, often by using forms and shapes that curve and bend. Frank Gehry has worked in such a style most of his career, with his work on the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles being notable examples of his approach. These buildings feature curving lines and non-rectilineal shapes, hallmarks of the deconstructivist approach.

The "International Style" is a term that derives from a 1932 book of that name by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson. The two men used the term to described the then-contemporary aesthetic that had grown to dominate architecture since 1900. Uniting Bauhaus, Functionalism, and L'Esprit Nouveau styles, Hitchcock and Johnson promoted architecture that valued functionality, clean lines, and use of modern materials such as plate glass and steel.

Wright is best associated with the Prairie school. The hint in the question was the eaves and the roofs, as those provide that context.

The answer cannot be brutalism or functionalism as the homes and buildings created by Wright did not follow the simplistic styles of those schools: those schools would have obelisk-like buildings that lacked much detail.

Art Nouveau was a bit too early of a period for Wright to be associated with. Art Deco, though in the same period as Wright, differentiated by its ornate designs, in contradistinction with Wright's minimalist, natural designs.

Provenance is a very specific term to determine the ownership history of artworks. It is similar to lineage, but lineage has to do with people and their family trees.

Filing is not the answer, though many who purchase artworks do file ownership certificates or file such assets.

Apadana is a Persian audience hall and Intonaco is the final layer of plaster in Italian frescos.