Renaissance to Contemporary Architecture - AP Art History
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The “mock Tudor” style of architecture was developed in .
The “mock Tudor” style of architecture was developed in .
The "mock Tudor" style was a revival of the architectural forms and customs popular during the reigns of the Tudor monarchs of England, who ruled from 1485 to 1603. Developed in the late nineteenth century, a period of nostalgia for England's past, mock Tudor, also known as Tudor revival, featured the half-timbered houses and inventive brickwork common to nice houses in England in the sixteenth century, but done in new methods.
The "mock Tudor" style was a revival of the architectural forms and customs popular during the reigns of the Tudor monarchs of England, who ruled from 1485 to 1603. Developed in the late nineteenth century, a period of nostalgia for England's past, mock Tudor, also known as Tudor revival, featured the half-timbered houses and inventive brickwork common to nice houses in England in the sixteenth century, but done in new methods.
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The pillars of the Brooklyn Bridge were able to be built in the East River due to the use of .
The pillars of the Brooklyn Bridge were able to be built in the East River due to the use of .
The chief challenge in building a bridge across New York's East River was that the depth of the river and the length of the crossing meant that establishing any moorings for the bridge was nearly impossible. The original engineer, John Augustus Roebling, decided to use caissons, watertight retaining structures, which were placed into the East River to allow construction workers to build the bridge. The caissons were so deep that they caused a particular illness known as "caisson disease," a decompression sickness resulting from the pressure inside the caissons.
The chief challenge in building a bridge across New York's East River was that the depth of the river and the length of the crossing meant that establishing any moorings for the bridge was nearly impossible. The original engineer, John Augustus Roebling, decided to use caissons, watertight retaining structures, which were placed into the East River to allow construction workers to build the bridge. The caissons were so deep that they caused a particular illness known as "caisson disease," a decompression sickness resulting from the pressure inside the caissons.
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The Italian architect and theorist Palladio was instrumental in developing the architectural style known as .
The Italian architect and theorist Palladio was instrumental in developing the architectural style known as .
Palladio lived and worked around Venice in the mid-sixteenth century, constructing a series of large villas and important buildings. Much of Palladio's work harkened back to styles prominent in Ancient rome, as he created buildings with lots of columns, large colonnades, and domes. His influential architectural textbook, The Four Books of Architecture, helped spread these ideas in the architectural movement known as neo-classicalism.
Palladio lived and worked around Venice in the mid-sixteenth century, constructing a series of large villas and important buildings. Much of Palladio's work harkened back to styles prominent in Ancient rome, as he created buildings with lots of columns, large colonnades, and domes. His influential architectural textbook, The Four Books of Architecture, helped spread these ideas in the architectural movement known as neo-classicalism.
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The English architect responsible for rebuilding many churches after the great London fire of 1666, including St. Paul's Cathedral, is .
The English architect responsible for rebuilding many churches after the great London fire of 1666, including St. Paul's Cathedral, is .
The Great London Fire of 1666 destroyed many of the buildings in the city, including the original St. Paul's Cathedral, and necessitated massive architectural projects. The largest beneficiary of this was Sir Christopher Wren, a mathematician as well as an architect, who created over fifty churches and rebuilt St. Paul's. Wren's legacy found its way throughout baroque architecture, and his St. Paul's design influenced the Pantheon in Paris, the U.S. Capitol, and many other buildings.
The Great London Fire of 1666 destroyed many of the buildings in the city, including the original St. Paul's Cathedral, and necessitated massive architectural projects. The largest beneficiary of this was Sir Christopher Wren, a mathematician as well as an architect, who created over fifty churches and rebuilt St. Paul's. Wren's legacy found its way throughout baroque architecture, and his St. Paul's design influenced the Pantheon in Paris, the U.S. Capitol, and many other buildings.
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The architect who created this plan began his career as .
The architect who created this plan began his career as .
When Inigo Jones, who created this plan of a new Palace at Whitehall in 1638, first became an architect, the field was only newly springing up as a separate artistic discipline. There was no training in architecture or building design, and many seventeenth-century architects were self-taught artisans who came from related fields. Jones began as a stage designer, where he built sets and costumes for shows at the English court, and was typical of his era of architects for starting off in an artistic field that required knowledge of structures and fabrication.
Image: Plan for A New Palace at Whitehall by Inigo Jones (1638). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ingo\_Jones\_plan\_for\_a\_new\_palace\_at\_Whitehall\_1638.jpg
When Inigo Jones, who created this plan of a new Palace at Whitehall in 1638, first became an architect, the field was only newly springing up as a separate artistic discipline. There was no training in architecture or building design, and many seventeenth-century architects were self-taught artisans who came from related fields. Jones began as a stage designer, where he built sets and costumes for shows at the English court, and was typical of his era of architects for starting off in an artistic field that required knowledge of structures and fabrication.
Image: Plan for A New Palace at Whitehall by Inigo Jones (1638). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ingo\_Jones\_plan\_for\_a\_new\_palace\_at\_Whitehall\_1638.jpg
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"Federal style" architecture is most closely associated with which European architectural style?
"Federal style" architecture is most closely associated with which European architectural style?
The Federal style of architecture refers to the buildings designed and constructed in the first few decades of the United States' independence, roughly 1785 to 1815. The Federal style was closely related to the "Regency style" in Britain, which took place under the Regency of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV) during 1811 to 1820. Both styles were developments of Neoclassicism, which borrowed elements from Roman architecture like columns, domes, and white marble.
The Federal style of architecture refers to the buildings designed and constructed in the first few decades of the United States' independence, roughly 1785 to 1815. The Federal style was closely related to the "Regency style" in Britain, which took place under the Regency of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV) during 1811 to 1820. Both styles were developments of Neoclassicism, which borrowed elements from Roman architecture like columns, domes, and white marble.
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Which eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century Western architectural movement drew inspiration from Roman and Greek art and culture and coincided with the eighteenth-century Age of Enlightenment?
Which eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century Western architectural movement drew inspiration from Roman and Greek art and culture and coincided with the eighteenth-century Age of Enlightenment?
The term neoclassicism can be broken down into two parts: "Neo" and "Classic." This refers to the fact that is a new ("neo") interpretation of classic architectural and artistic concepts pioneered by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Art Deco and Art Nouveau are movements firmly planted in the twentieth century, and Mannerism and the Renaissance are much too far in the past to even be considered for a question that is about an eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century artistic movement.
The term neoclassicism can be broken down into two parts: "Neo" and "Classic." This refers to the fact that is a new ("neo") interpretation of classic architectural and artistic concepts pioneered by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Art Deco and Art Nouveau are movements firmly planted in the twentieth century, and Mannerism and the Renaissance are much too far in the past to even be considered for a question that is about an eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century artistic movement.
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By the end of the 18th century, the Rococo artistic and architectural style had been replaced by which successor, whose inspiration seemed to stem from certain Ancient civilizations?
By the end of the 18th century, the Rococo artistic and architectural style had been replaced by which successor, whose inspiration seemed to stem from certain Ancient civilizations?
The Rococo artistic and architectural movement and style, also known as "Late Baroque," surged in the late 18th century as a more intricate, delicate, light and asymmetrical approach to architecture than the Baroque style that came before it. Neoclassicism, which came as a direct opposition to Rococo, had replaced the asymmetrical, graceful architecture and art of the Rococo with its own focus on symmetry and simplicity by the end of the 18th century.
The Rococo artistic and architectural movement and style, also known as "Late Baroque," surged in the late 18th century as a more intricate, delicate, light and asymmetrical approach to architecture than the Baroque style that came before it. Neoclassicism, which came as a direct opposition to Rococo, had replaced the asymmetrical, graceful architecture and art of the Rococo with its own focus on symmetry and simplicity by the end of the 18th century.
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![Monticello_2010-10-29.jpg]()
The building pictured above was located in .
The building pictured above was located in .
The building pictured in the drawing is Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's home in then rural Virginia, which he began building in the late eighteenth century. The location of Monticello is at the top of a hill, on the relative frontier of the continent, making it a building challenge. Nonetheless, Jefferson largely succeeded at building a European inspired grand home that still fit into the American landscape.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
The building pictured in the drawing is Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's home in then rural Virginia, which he began building in the late eighteenth century. The location of Monticello is at the top of a hill, on the relative frontier of the continent, making it a building challenge. Nonetheless, Jefferson largely succeeded at building a European inspired grand home that still fit into the American landscape.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
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![Monticello_2010-10-29.jpg]()
The building shown here was significantly influenced by the work of .
The building shown here was significantly influenced by the work of .
Thomas Jefferson was the principal designer, architect, and builder of Monticello, but his plans and designs were heavily influenced by the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. Palladio not only built a number of impressive works of his own, but also wrote an influential treatise on architecture, The Four Books of Architecture. Jefferson was self-taught as an architect, largely from the writings of Palladio.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
Thomas Jefferson was the principal designer, architect, and builder of Monticello, but his plans and designs were heavily influenced by the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. Palladio not only built a number of impressive works of his own, but also wrote an influential treatise on architecture, The Four Books of Architecture. Jefferson was self-taught as an architect, largely from the writings of Palladio.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
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Beaux-Arts architecture in the United States is defined by all of the following features EXCEPT .
Beaux-Arts architecture in the United States is defined by all of the following features EXCEPT .
"Beaux-Arts" takes its name from the national art school in France, but describes a separate movement among architects in the United States from roughly 1880 to 1920. The movement was defined by a sweeping neoclassicism that used Baroque motifs, featured a hierarchy of spaces (making grand entryways more important than living areas), added ornate elements like statues and vaultings, and usually employed flat roofs on buildings. The Beaux-Arts style was surpassed by Modernist architecture that valued clean lines and functionality over design details.
"Beaux-Arts" takes its name from the national art school in France, but describes a separate movement among architects in the United States from roughly 1880 to 1920. The movement was defined by a sweeping neoclassicism that used Baroque motifs, featured a hierarchy of spaces (making grand entryways more important than living areas), added ornate elements like statues and vaultings, and usually employed flat roofs on buildings. The Beaux-Arts style was surpassed by Modernist architecture that valued clean lines and functionality over design details.
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The Prairie School of Architecture is strongly associated with the American region of .
The Prairie School of Architecture is strongly associated with the American region of .
The Prairie School of Architecture developed in the Midwest in the 1890s as a reaction against the then-popular neo-Classicalism and Beaux-Arts styles. Prairie School Architects sought an authentically American style of architecture that reflected American landscapes. The term, "Prairie School," came about as a comment on the way the broad, plain style of architecture reflected the prairies of the Midwest.
The Prairie School of Architecture developed in the Midwest in the 1890s as a reaction against the then-popular neo-Classicalism and Beaux-Arts styles. Prairie School Architects sought an authentically American style of architecture that reflected American landscapes. The term, "Prairie School," came about as a comment on the way the broad, plain style of architecture reflected the prairies of the Midwest.
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Grand Central Terminal in New York City is representative of .
Grand Central Terminal in New York City is representative of .
Beaux-arts architecture, named after France's national art school L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts, featured grand structures embellished with baroque details and ornamentation. The Grand Central Terminal in New York was built in 1871 and refurbished in 1913, placing its construction at the height of the Beaux-Arts movement. As such, the railroad station's bronze statuary, ornate grand hall, and finer details make it a key example of the style.
Beaux-arts architecture, named after France's national art school L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts, featured grand structures embellished with baroque details and ornamentation. The Grand Central Terminal in New York was built in 1871 and refurbished in 1913, placing its construction at the height of the Beaux-Arts movement. As such, the railroad station's bronze statuary, ornate grand hall, and finer details make it a key example of the style.
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The Palace of Westminster in London is a significant example of the architectural style known as .
The Palace of Westminster in London is a significant example of the architectural style known as .
In 1834, the Houses of Parliament burned down in the middle of London, which created the need for a new building to house the government of Great Britain. With rising Victorianism, the commission to build the new House of Parliament went to Charles Barry, who was an early proponent of the Neo-Gothic style. The style hearkened back to the dominant architectural style of the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, which used grand features such as flying buttresses and ornate windows.
In 1834, the Houses of Parliament burned down in the middle of London, which created the need for a new building to house the government of Great Britain. With rising Victorianism, the commission to build the new House of Parliament went to Charles Barry, who was an early proponent of the Neo-Gothic style. The style hearkened back to the dominant architectural style of the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, which used grand features such as flying buttresses and ornate windows.
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The Baroque artistic and architectural movement was superseded by a movement that developed in the early eighteenth century in Paris. What was the name of this movement?
The Baroque artistic and architectural movement was superseded by a movement that developed in the early eighteenth century in Paris. What was the name of this movement?
The Baroque movement was superseded by the artistic and architectural movement Rococo in the eighteenth century. Rococo was a deviation from the grandeur and strict symmetry of the Baroque movement, which dominated western and central Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Some describe Rococo as delicate and intricate.
The Baroque movement was superseded by the artistic and architectural movement Rococo in the eighteenth century. Rococo was a deviation from the grandeur and strict symmetry of the Baroque movement, which dominated western and central Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Some describe Rococo as delicate and intricate.
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The neoclassical artistic movement of the eighteenth through the twenty-first centuries was inspired by which ancient civilization or civilizations?
The neoclassical artistic movement of the eighteenth through the twenty-first centuries was inspired by which ancient civilization or civilizations?
Neoclassicism was inspired by both ancient Greek and ancient Roman civilizations. This can be seen in its use of columns and other characteristics commonly associated with Greek and Roman art and architecture. Neoclassical sculptures also greatly resemble ancient Greek and ancient Roman sculptures.
Neoclassicism was inspired by both ancient Greek and ancient Roman civilizations. This can be seen in its use of columns and other characteristics commonly associated with Greek and Roman art and architecture. Neoclassical sculptures also greatly resemble ancient Greek and ancient Roman sculptures.
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![Monticello_2010-10-29.jpg]()
The building shown here was located .
The building shown here was located .
The main building of Monticello, pictured here, sat in the middle of Thomas Jefferson's plantation. As such, it was both a grand house and the administrative center for the plantation, which housed and worked hundreds of slaves in various agricultural projects. The building's remote location from other settlements was key to its size and situation in its surroundings.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
The main building of Monticello, pictured here, sat in the middle of Thomas Jefferson's plantation. As such, it was both a grand house and the administrative center for the plantation, which housed and worked hundreds of slaves in various agricultural projects. The building's remote location from other settlements was key to its size and situation in its surroundings.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
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In designing the vacation home known as Fallingwater, Frank Lloyd Wright was heavily influenced by .
In designing the vacation home known as Fallingwater, Frank Lloyd Wright was heavily influenced by .
While Fallingwater is a thoroughly modern building, constructed in straight lines made out of concrete, glass, and steel, Frank Lloyd Wright was heavily inspired by Japanese architecture. Fallingwater was designed as a natural retreat for its owners, which meant Wright had to carefully blend the house into nature. Considering its use of natural light and a sense of blending the indoor and outdoor space, the house features many approaches which are borrowed from Japanese architectural ideas.
While Fallingwater is a thoroughly modern building, constructed in straight lines made out of concrete, glass, and steel, Frank Lloyd Wright was heavily inspired by Japanese architecture. Fallingwater was designed as a natural retreat for its owners, which meant Wright had to carefully blend the house into nature. Considering its use of natural light and a sense of blending the indoor and outdoor space, the house features many approaches which are borrowed from Japanese architectural ideas.
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Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture are best captured in the building .
Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture are best captured in the building .
Le Corbusier was both a practicing architect and an architectural theorist. These two identities were best joined in his design and construction of Villa Savoye outside of Paris. The building intentionally and forcefully followed Le Corbusier's manifesto Five Points of Architecture. The five points Villa Savoye followed were having pilotis that lifted the building off the ground, a functional roof that could be used as a garden, a free floor plan without load bearing walls allowing interior openness, large windows that provided vast amounts of natural light, and freely designed facades that acted merely as a skin on the outside of the building.
Le Corbusier was both a practicing architect and an architectural theorist. These two identities were best joined in his design and construction of Villa Savoye outside of Paris. The building intentionally and forcefully followed Le Corbusier's manifesto Five Points of Architecture. The five points Villa Savoye followed were having pilotis that lifted the building off the ground, a functional roof that could be used as a garden, a free floor plan without load bearing walls allowing interior openness, large windows that provided vast amounts of natural light, and freely designed facades that acted merely as a skin on the outside of the building.
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White stone, columns, and marble are distinctive features of which architectural style?
White stone, columns, and marble are distinctive features of which architectural style?
In the enlightenment era of the eighteenth century, many artists and architects looked to classical Greece and Rome as models, spawning the architectural style known as "Neo-Classicism." Featuring white stone, columns, and extensive use of marble, this style is most famous as being used in many of America's government buildings.
In the enlightenment era of the eighteenth century, many artists and architects looked to classical Greece and Rome as models, spawning the architectural style known as "Neo-Classicism." Featuring white stone, columns, and extensive use of marble, this style is most famous as being used in many of America's government buildings.
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