2D Art Beyond European Artistic Traditions - AP Art History
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Ancient Mayan murals were most commonly created as __________.
Ancient Mayan murals were most commonly created as __________.
Only a handful of ancient Mayan murals survive to the present day, but they all are massive plaster frescos usually found in archaeological sites. The giant murals at Bonakmal depict the court life of an ancient Mayan king in great detail. The paintings were done quite quickly, as they had to be completed before the plaster dried.
Only a handful of ancient Mayan murals survive to the present day, but they all are massive plaster frescos usually found in archaeological sites. The giant murals at Bonakmal depict the court life of an ancient Mayan king in great detail. The paintings were done quite quickly, as they had to be completed before the plaster dried.
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Pre-Columbian art was often a cultural expression of world views, religion, philosophy, and the sciences, because many Pre-Columbian civilizations did not have __________.
Pre-Columbian art was often a cultural expression of world views, religion, philosophy, and the sciences, because many Pre-Columbian civilizations did not have __________.
Pre-Columbian societies often did not have a system of writing, so for much of their histories, the visual arts was their primary source of communication and record keeping, along with word-of-mouth record-keeping and day-to-day verbal conversation.
Pre-Columbian societies often did not have a system of writing, so for much of their histories, the visual arts was their primary source of communication and record keeping, along with word-of-mouth record-keeping and day-to-day verbal conversation.
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The majority of early Mexican colonial art was __________________ in style, employing little dynamism and movement, and muted colors; however, the addition of small details like corn, cacao, and other characteristics of life in the Americas gave these works of art a distinct _____________________ feel.
The majority of early Mexican colonial art was __________________ in style, employing little dynamism and movement, and muted colors; however, the addition of small details like corn, cacao, and other characteristics of life in the Americas gave these works of art a distinct _____________________ feel.
The early art of the colonial Americas (namely Mexico) was derived from the European artistic principles that the Spanish brought with them to New Spain (what is now Mexico). When the native settlers of New Spain began to paint using such European principles, they also added details that they could relate to, such as crops native to the Americas, or imagery from the folklore of their culture. These additions gave their paintings a unique indigenous appearance.
The early art of the colonial Americas (namely Mexico) was derived from the European artistic principles that the Spanish brought with them to New Spain (what is now Mexico). When the native settlers of New Spain began to paint using such European principles, they also added details that they could relate to, such as crops native to the Americas, or imagery from the folklore of their culture. These additions gave their paintings a unique indigenous appearance.
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Why did Mexican artworks preserve outdated European artistic trends?
Why did Mexican artworks preserve outdated European artistic trends?
Mexican painters were trained using imported European copies and engravings of popular paintings and other works. Therefore, by the time they mastered the techniques they were studying from the engravings and copies, the trends featured had already gone out of style.
Mexican painters were trained using imported European copies and engravings of popular paintings and other works. Therefore, by the time they mastered the techniques they were studying from the engravings and copies, the trends featured had already gone out of style.
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The ______________ was a system of racial classification and hierarchy used by the Spanish elites of New Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. This system inspired a series of artwork to be used as a reference, due to its complexity.
The ______________ was a system of racial classification and hierarchy used by the Spanish elites of New Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. This system inspired a series of artwork to be used as a reference, due to its complexity.
The Casta was a system of racial hierarchy used in New Spain and also in the Philippines during and after the Inquisition, based on perceived blood purity. It was determined by birth. Those with darker features had fewer opportunities, as did their children after them.
The Casta was a system of racial hierarchy used in New Spain and also in the Philippines during and after the Inquisition, based on perceived blood purity. It was determined by birth. Those with darker features had fewer opportunities, as did their children after them.
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![Mestizo._Mestiza._Mestiza.jpg]()
This painting is from the late 18th century in the Spanish colonies of the Americas. Its purpose is ________________________.
This painting is from the late 18th century in the Spanish colonies of the Americas. Its purpose is ________________________.
The Casta system of the Spanish colonies of the Americas neither encouraged nor discouraged the mixing of races, it was simply a hierarchy of races, in which white Europeans had more opportunities and rights than their dark-skinned, indigenous counterparts. This system was the subject of much colonial artwork, as many artists were commissioned to illustrate the different races and the classification of their offspring. The title of the painting, De español y mulata, morisca, translates to English as, "From Spanish and mulatto, comes morisco." This means that the child of pure Spanish blood and mulatto blood (mixed race), would be classified as a morisco.
Image from Wikipedia Media Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mestizo.\_Mestiza.\_Mestiza.jpg
The Casta system of the Spanish colonies of the Americas neither encouraged nor discouraged the mixing of races, it was simply a hierarchy of races, in which white Europeans had more opportunities and rights than their dark-skinned, indigenous counterparts. This system was the subject of much colonial artwork, as many artists were commissioned to illustrate the different races and the classification of their offspring. The title of the painting, De español y mulata, morisca, translates to English as, "From Spanish and mulatto, comes morisco." This means that the child of pure Spanish blood and mulatto blood (mixed race), would be classified as a morisco.
Image from Wikipedia Media Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mestizo.\_Mestiza.\_Mestiza.jpg
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What myth does The Coyolxauhqui Stone explain?
What myth does The Coyolxauhqui Stone explain?
The answer is all of the above. The stone tells the story of Coyolxauhqui and her brothers attempting to kill their mother, Coatlicue, when they find out she is pregnant. Instead, Huitzilopochtli (the child she was pregnant with) emerges from Coatlicue's womb fully grown and defeats Coyolxauhqui. The stone depicts the exact moment Coyolxauhqui's body is broken after her beheaded body is thrown down the mountain.
The answer is all of the above. The stone tells the story of Coyolxauhqui and her brothers attempting to kill their mother, Coatlicue, when they find out she is pregnant. Instead, Huitzilopochtli (the child she was pregnant with) emerges from Coatlicue's womb fully grown and defeats Coyolxauhqui. The stone depicts the exact moment Coyolxauhqui's body is broken after her beheaded body is thrown down the mountain.
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What was one of the purposes of hide paintings produced by Native Americans, such as Cotsiogo or Cadzi Cody?
What was one of the purposes of hide paintings produced by Native Americans, such as Cotsiogo or Cadzi Cody?
Hide paintings and oral stories were used by indigenous Native Americans to record their history, as they did not have access to the printing press until after the arrival of European invaders.
Hide paintings and oral stories were used by indigenous Native Americans to record their history, as they did not have access to the printing press until after the arrival of European invaders.
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The Mexican Mural Movement utilized all of the following themes EXCEPT __________.
The Mexican Mural Movement utilized all of the following themes EXCEPT __________.
The Mexican Mural Movement was Mexican painting movement that developed from the 1920s to the 1950s. Its most well-known painters were Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Each of these men were heavily influenced by Marxism and a sense of Mexican nationalism, which made them want to paint historical, indigenous, and agricultural scenes. Most of the muralists were often skirting trouble with the changing governments in Mexico, finding their support fluctuating throughout their careers.
The Mexican Mural Movement was Mexican painting movement that developed from the 1920s to the 1950s. Its most well-known painters were Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Each of these men were heavily influenced by Marxism and a sense of Mexican nationalism, which made them want to paint historical, indigenous, and agricultural scenes. Most of the muralists were often skirting trouble with the changing governments in Mexico, finding their support fluctuating throughout their careers.
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Which religious apparition, recognized almost exclusively by the Spanish colonies of the Americas and not by the Europeans themselves, was and still is an unceasing source of artistic inspiration for the area that is known today as Mexico and Latin America?
Which religious apparition, recognized almost exclusively by the Spanish colonies of the Americas and not by the Europeans themselves, was and still is an unceasing source of artistic inspiration for the area that is known today as Mexico and Latin America?
Official Catholic record states that San Juan Diego, then just a peasant, witnessed an apparition of the Virgin Mary four times at the Hill of Tepeyac, now a suburb of Mexico City. It is said that the apparition of the Virgin Mary spoke to him in his native tongue of Nahuatl, asking for a church to be built there in her honor. Now the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe is the most visited Catholic pilgrimage site in the world, and the world's third most-visited sacred site.
Official Catholic record states that San Juan Diego, then just a peasant, witnessed an apparition of the Virgin Mary four times at the Hill of Tepeyac, now a suburb of Mexico City. It is said that the apparition of the Virgin Mary spoke to him in his native tongue of Nahuatl, asking for a church to be built there in her honor. Now the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe is the most visited Catholic pilgrimage site in the world, and the world's third most-visited sacred site.
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Diego Rivera is one of the most well-known Mexican artists. His expansive wall paintings in fresco are a popular example of which genre of paintings, popularized in the 1920s as a social and political movement?
Diego Rivera is one of the most well-known Mexican artists. His expansive wall paintings in fresco are a popular example of which genre of paintings, popularized in the 1920s as a social and political movement?
Diego Rivera is a very well-known Mexican artist. One of his many artistic accomplishments was to help launch Mexican muralism in the 1920s. Although Mexico has a long history of mural art, Mexican muralism gained traction as a globally popular art form thanks to the contributions of Rivera and other artists, such as José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, as they used the form as a political and social tool. In the USA, Mexican muralism served as inspiration for the Chicano art movement.
Diego Rivera is a very well-known Mexican artist. One of his many artistic accomplishments was to help launch Mexican muralism in the 1920s. Although Mexico has a long history of mural art, Mexican muralism gained traction as a globally popular art form thanks to the contributions of Rivera and other artists, such as José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, as they used the form as a political and social tool. In the USA, Mexican muralism served as inspiration for the Chicano art movement.
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The Mexican Mural Movement utilized all of the following themes EXCEPT __________.
The Mexican Mural Movement utilized all of the following themes EXCEPT __________.
The Mexican Mural Movement was Mexican painting movement that developed from the 1920s to the 1950s. Its most well-known painters were Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Each of these men were heavily influenced by Marxism and a sense of Mexican nationalism, which made them want to paint historical, indigenous, and agricultural scenes. Most of the muralists were often skirting trouble with the changing governments in Mexico, finding their support fluctuating throughout their careers.
The Mexican Mural Movement was Mexican painting movement that developed from the 1920s to the 1950s. Its most well-known painters were Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Each of these men were heavily influenced by Marxism and a sense of Mexican nationalism, which made them want to paint historical, indigenous, and agricultural scenes. Most of the muralists were often skirting trouble with the changing governments in Mexico, finding their support fluctuating throughout their careers.
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The last colonial-era art institution in Mexico, the Academy of San Carlos, was established in 1783 by the Spanish Crown __________.
The last colonial-era art institution in Mexico, the Academy of San Carlos, was established in 1783 by the Spanish Crown __________.
The Academy of San Carlos was established by the Spanish crown and staffed with an all-Spanish cast of instructors in order to better control the artistic expression of the colonials, and the messages they were potentially spreading to one another about ideas that the Spanish Crown considered "dangerous." After all, the Spanish colonies of the Americas were growing increasingly culturally independent.
The Academy of San Carlos was established by the Spanish crown and staffed with an all-Spanish cast of instructors in order to better control the artistic expression of the colonials, and the messages they were potentially spreading to one another about ideas that the Spanish Crown considered "dangerous." After all, the Spanish colonies of the Americas were growing increasingly culturally independent.
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The first known artists of New Spain were ____________________.
The first known artists of New Spain were ____________________.
Although there were paintings done by indigenous artists in New Spain, the artists are unknown. Therefore, the first known artists are those who relocated to New Spain as adults, during their artistic careers. Some of these painters were religious figureheads, but they were Catholic, not Protestant.
Although there were paintings done by indigenous artists in New Spain, the artists are unknown. Therefore, the first known artists are those who relocated to New Spain as adults, during their artistic careers. Some of these painters were religious figureheads, but they were Catholic, not Protestant.
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Which of the following is NOT a key symbol in Buddhist iconography?
Which of the following is NOT a key symbol in Buddhist iconography?
The Lion symbolizes Buddha's royal status. The Wheel denotes Buddha's law. The Lotus is a symbol of Buddha's natural origins. Trees are not a key symbol in the iconographic scheme of Buddhist art.
The Lion symbolizes Buddha's royal status. The Wheel denotes Buddha's law. The Lotus is a symbol of Buddha's natural origins. Trees are not a key symbol in the iconographic scheme of Buddhist art.
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Fan Kuan's Travellers Among Mountains and Streams exemplifies Northern Song painting in its use of which of the following?
Fan Kuan's Travellers Among Mountains and Streams exemplifies Northern Song painting in its use of which of the following?
Monumental landscapes during the Northern Song dynasty are characterized by their use of three distinct perspectives in the composition: high distance, level distance, and deep distance.
Monumental landscapes during the Northern Song dynasty are characterized by their use of three distinct perspectives in the composition: high distance, level distance, and deep distance.
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White and Red Plum Blossoms, by Ogata Kōrin, is notable among Japanese art for its use of _________________.
White and Red Plum Blossoms, by Ogata Kōrin, is notable among Japanese art for its use of _________________.
Instead of painting in golden hued paint on the screen in his White and Red Plum Blossoms, Ogata Kōrin inlays actual gold leaf onto his work of art, having the gold dominate the work of art. This use of non-paint or ink materials in creating screens was a signature element of the Rinpa school, who also utilized items such as mother of pearl, although gold leaf was by far the most frequent material included in Rinpa school work.
Artwork from Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ogata\_Korin\_-\_RED\_AND\_WHITE\_PLUM\_BLOSSOMS\_(National\_Treasure)\_-\_Google\_Art\_Project.jpg
Instead of painting in golden hued paint on the screen in his White and Red Plum Blossoms, Ogata Kōrin inlays actual gold leaf onto his work of art, having the gold dominate the work of art. This use of non-paint or ink materials in creating screens was a signature element of the Rinpa school, who also utilized items such as mother of pearl, although gold leaf was by far the most frequent material included in Rinpa school work.
Artwork from Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ogata\_Korin\_-\_RED\_AND\_WHITE\_PLUM\_BLOSSOMS\_(National\_Treasure)\_-\_Google\_Art\_Project.jpg
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The work shown here is an example of a Japanese _____________.
The work shown here is an example of a Japanese _____________.
Folding screens are a central part of Japanese art due to their use in Japanese domestic architecture as dividers between different spaces. This meant that screens such as White and Red Plum Blossoms by Ogata Kōrin were central decorative objects in houses during the Edo Period of Japanese history. Ogata Kōrin's work was one of the key developments of folding screens as an art form.
Artwork from Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ogata\_Korin\_-\_RED\_AND\_WHITE\_PLUM\_BLOSSOMS\_(National\_Treasure)\_-\_Google\_Art\_Project.jpg
Folding screens are a central part of Japanese art due to their use in Japanese domestic architecture as dividers between different spaces. This meant that screens such as White and Red Plum Blossoms by Ogata Kōrin were central decorative objects in houses during the Edo Period of Japanese history. Ogata Kōrin's work was one of the key developments of folding screens as an art form.
Artwork from Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ogata\_Korin\_-\_RED\_AND\_WHITE\_PLUM\_BLOSSOMS\_(National\_Treasure)\_-\_Google\_Art\_Project.jpg
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The above picture is an example of art from what nation?
The above picture is an example of art from what nation?
This image, "The Great Wave Off Kanagawa" by Hokusai, is one of the iconic and indelible images of Japanes art. Done in the ukiyo-e woodblock printing style, the print is in many copies throughout the world, and in the usual fashion of nineteenth-century Japanese art, it depicts a dramatic force of nature in a landscape. Additionally, its formalism and representational elements are indicative of art from the Edo period (1603-1867).
This image, "The Great Wave Off Kanagawa" by Hokusai, is one of the iconic and indelible images of Japanes art. Done in the ukiyo-e woodblock printing style, the print is in many copies throughout the world, and in the usual fashion of nineteenth-century Japanese art, it depicts a dramatic force of nature in a landscape. Additionally, its formalism and representational elements are indicative of art from the Edo period (1603-1867).
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In Hindu iconography a figure with blue skin represents __________.
In Hindu iconography a figure with blue skin represents __________.
Krishna is seen as the full incarnation of the god Vishnu in many forms of Hinudism, and is therefore an extremely popular subject in Hindu religious art. Krishna is most easily identifiable as having blue skin, which is related to the meaning of his name in Sanskrit, "the dark one." Krishna has been worshipped as the supreme god since the middle ages in Hindu religious traditions.
Krishna is seen as the full incarnation of the god Vishnu in many forms of Hinudism, and is therefore an extremely popular subject in Hindu religious art. Krishna is most easily identifiable as having blue skin, which is related to the meaning of his name in Sanskrit, "the dark one." Krishna has been worshipped as the supreme god since the middle ages in Hindu religious traditions.
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