Immune Physiology

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Anatomy › Immune Physiology

Questions 1 - 10
1

A patient has A positive blood type. What type of blood can this patient receive?

O positive

AB negative

B positive

AB positive

None of these

Explanation

For any recipient, we must consider what antibodies they have. A patient with A positive blood has the following antibodies: anti-B For any donor, we must consider what antigens they have. The donor cannot have an antigen that matches the recipient's antibodies, or else agglutination will occur. Therefore, any B blood types will result in agglutination. The O positive person only expresses the Rh antigen, and the recipient does not express this antibody. No agglutination will occur.

2

A patient has A positive blood type. What type of blood can this patient receive?

O positive

AB negative

B positive

AB positive

None of these

Explanation

For any recipient, we must consider what antibodies they have. A patient with A positive blood has the following antibodies: anti-B For any donor, we must consider what antigens they have. The donor cannot have an antigen that matches the recipient's antibodies, or else agglutination will occur. Therefore, any B blood types will result in agglutination. The O positive person only expresses the Rh antigen, and the recipient does not express this antibody. No agglutination will occur.

3

A patient has A positive blood type. What type of blood can this patient receive?

O positive

AB negative

B positive

AB positive

None of these

Explanation

For any recipient, we must consider what antibodies they have. A patient with A positive blood has the following antibodies: anti-B For any donor, we must consider what antigens they have. The donor cannot have an antigen that matches the recipient's antibodies, or else agglutination will occur. Therefore, any B blood types will result in agglutination. The O positive person only expresses the Rh antigen, and the recipient does not express this antibody. No agglutination will occur.

4

Which cells of the immune system can directly kill a virus-infected cell?

CD8+

CD4+

Dendritic cell

B lymphocyte

Antibody

Explanation

The adaptive immune system consists of the humoral and cell mediated branches. Humoral immunity protects against extracellular pathogens, while the cell-mediated pathway protects against intracellular pathogens. Cells of the cell mediated branch include T helper cells (CD4+: these cells help B cells and other cells activate so they can do their job) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+: which directly kill infected host cells). Antibodies are not cells.

5

Which cells of the immune system can directly kill a virus-infected cell?

CD8+

CD4+

Dendritic cell

B lymphocyte

Antibody

Explanation

The adaptive immune system consists of the humoral and cell mediated branches. Humoral immunity protects against extracellular pathogens, while the cell-mediated pathway protects against intracellular pathogens. Cells of the cell mediated branch include T helper cells (CD4+: these cells help B cells and other cells activate so they can do their job) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+: which directly kill infected host cells). Antibodies are not cells.

6

Which cells of the immune system can directly kill a virus-infected cell?

CD8+

CD4+

Dendritic cell

B lymphocyte

Antibody

Explanation

The adaptive immune system consists of the humoral and cell mediated branches. Humoral immunity protects against extracellular pathogens, while the cell-mediated pathway protects against intracellular pathogens. Cells of the cell mediated branch include T helper cells (CD4+: these cells help B cells and other cells activate so they can do their job) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+: which directly kill infected host cells). Antibodies are not cells.

7

Which of the following are true, assuming A, B, O blood type compatibility?

I. An Rh positive patient cannot receive blood from an Rh negative donor

II. An Rh negative patient cannot receive blood from an Rh positive donor

III. An Rh negative patient can only receive blood from an Rh negative donor

II and III

I only

II only

III only

I, II, and III

Explanation

We must first assume the two people are A, B, O compatible (ie., both patients are type A). An Rh negative person is negative because they lack the Rh antigen. An Rh positive person does not produce any Rh antibodies or else they would attack their own blood. Therefore, there is no antigen to attack and no antibodies to attack with, so agglutination will not occur.

8

Which of the following are true, assuming A, B, O blood type compatibility?

I. An Rh positive patient cannot receive blood from an Rh negative donor

II. An Rh negative patient cannot receive blood from an Rh positive donor

III. An Rh negative patient can only receive blood from an Rh negative donor

II and III

I only

II only

III only

I, II, and III

Explanation

We must first assume the two people are A, B, O compatible (ie., both patients are type A). An Rh negative person is negative because they lack the Rh antigen. An Rh positive person does not produce any Rh antibodies or else they would attack their own blood. Therefore, there is no antigen to attack and no antibodies to attack with, so agglutination will not occur.

9

Which of the following are true, assuming A, B, O blood type compatibility?

I. An Rh positive patient cannot receive blood from an Rh negative donor

II. An Rh negative patient cannot receive blood from an Rh positive donor

III. An Rh negative patient can only receive blood from an Rh negative donor

II and III

I only

II only

III only

I, II, and III

Explanation

We must first assume the two people are A, B, O compatible (ie., both patients are type A). An Rh negative person is negative because they lack the Rh antigen. An Rh positive person does not produce any Rh antibodies or else they would attack their own blood. Therefore, there is no antigen to attack and no antibodies to attack with, so agglutination will not occur.

10

A 45 year old man has three weeks of diarrhea after returning from his trip abroad. A stool specimen demonstrates a large number of parasitic eggs. In response to this infection, which cell line would you expect to be increased as compared to a non-infected individual?

Eosinophils

B-lymphocytes

Plasma cells

Red blood cells

Neutrophils

Explanation

Normally, eosinophils are not produced in high quantities in the body except in the face of parasitic infection. They typically constitute only 2% of the total white blood cell count. Eosinophils are classically elevated in response to infection from a parasite. The other cell lines in the answer choices would not be elevated due to a parasitic infection.

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