Apply Reading Standards to Literary Nonfiction - 8th Grade Writing
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Which option best states the main claim: “School starts later, so teens sleep more and learn better”?
Which option best states the main claim: “School starts later, so teens sleep more and learn better”?
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School should start later for teenagers. This captures the core argument about start times.
School should start later for teenagers. This captures the core argument about start times.
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What is an author’s central argument in a literary nonfiction text?
What is an author’s central argument in a literary nonfiction text?
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The main position the author tries to prove. It's the thesis that all other claims support.
The main position the author tries to prove. It's the thesis that all other claims support.
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What is a claim in an argumentative literary nonfiction text?
What is a claim in an argumentative literary nonfiction text?
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A specific statement the author asserts is true. Claims are debatable points that need evidence.
A specific statement the author asserts is true. Claims are debatable points that need evidence.
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What is evidence in an argument (as used in literary nonfiction)?
What is evidence in an argument (as used in literary nonfiction)?
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Facts, data, examples, or quotations supporting a claim. Evidence must be verifiable to support claims effectively.
Facts, data, examples, or quotations supporting a claim. Evidence must be verifiable to support claims effectively.
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What does it mean to delineate an argument in a text?
What does it mean to delineate an argument in a text?
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Identify the argument, claims, reasons, and evidence. To delineate means to outline or describe clearly.
Identify the argument, claims, reasons, and evidence. To delineate means to outline or describe clearly.
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What is reasoning in an author’s argument?
What is reasoning in an author’s argument?
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The logic connecting evidence to a claim. Reasoning explains why evidence proves the claim.
The logic connecting evidence to a claim. Reasoning explains why evidence proves the claim.
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What does it mean for evidence to be relevant to a claim?
What does it mean for evidence to be relevant to a claim?
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It directly relates to and supports the claim. Relevant evidence has a clear connection to the claim.
It directly relates to and supports the claim. Relevant evidence has a clear connection to the claim.
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What is irrelevant evidence in an argument?
What is irrelevant evidence in an argument?
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Information that does not support the claim being made. Irrelevant evidence distracts from the argument.
Information that does not support the claim being made. Irrelevant evidence distracts from the argument.
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What is a counterclaim in literary nonfiction argumentation?
What is a counterclaim in literary nonfiction argumentation?
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An opposing position to the author’s claim. Counterclaims acknowledge opposing viewpoints.
An opposing position to the author’s claim. Counterclaims acknowledge opposing viewpoints.
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What is a rebuttal in an argumentative text?
What is a rebuttal in an argumentative text?
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The author’s response that refutes a counterclaim. Rebuttals defend against opposing arguments.
The author’s response that refutes a counterclaim. Rebuttals defend against opposing arguments.
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Identify the evidence type: “A 2022 district report shows absences dropped 12% after later start times.”
Identify the evidence type: “A 2022 district report shows absences dropped 12% after later start times.”
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Statistic from a report (data-based evidence). Statistics are quantitative, objective evidence.
Statistic from a report (data-based evidence). Statistics are quantitative, objective evidence.
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Identify the irrelevant evidence: Claim: “Plastic bags harm oceans.” Evidence: A) Turtle deaths B) Bag colors vary
Identify the irrelevant evidence: Claim: “Plastic bags harm oceans.” Evidence: A) Turtle deaths B) Bag colors vary
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B) Bag colors vary. Bag color has no connection to ocean harm.
B) Bag colors vary. Bag color has no connection to ocean harm.
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Which statement is a counterclaim to: “Homework should be limited to 30 minutes nightly”?
Which statement is a counterclaim to: “Homework should be limited to 30 minutes nightly”?
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Homework should be longer to build responsibility. This directly opposes the 30-minute limit claim.
Homework should be longer to build responsibility. This directly opposes the 30-minute limit claim.
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Identify the reasoning flaw: “One athlete cheated, so all athletes are dishonest.”
Identify the reasoning flaw: “One athlete cheated, so all athletes are dishonest.”
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Hasty generalization. One example cannot prove a claim about all.
Hasty generalization. One example cannot prove a claim about all.
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Identify the reasoning flaw: “You cannot trust her argument because she is only 13.”
Identify the reasoning flaw: “You cannot trust her argument because she is only 13.”
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Ad hominem attack. Attacks the person, not their argument.
Ad hominem attack. Attacks the person, not their argument.
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Which option is the strongest evidence for a health claim: A) rumor B) peer-reviewed study C) one opinion?
Which option is the strongest evidence for a health claim: A) rumor B) peer-reviewed study C) one opinion?
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B) A peer-reviewed study. Peer review ensures scientific validity.
B) A peer-reviewed study. Peer review ensures scientific validity.
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Identify the best evaluation: Claim: “Recycling saves money.” Evidence: “My neighbor likes recycling.”
Identify the best evaluation: Claim: “Recycling saves money.” Evidence: “My neighbor likes recycling.”
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Evidence is insufficient and weak (anecdotal). Personal preference isn't economic evidence.
Evidence is insufficient and weak (anecdotal). Personal preference isn't economic evidence.
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Which sentence is a rebuttal? Counterclaim: “Later school start harms sports.” Rebuttal: A) “Sports matter.” B) “Schedules can shift.”
Which sentence is a rebuttal? Counterclaim: “Later school start harms sports.” Rebuttal: A) “Sports matter.” B) “Schedules can shift.”
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B) “Schedules can shift.”. B offers a solution; A just agrees with the counterclaim.
B) “Schedules can shift.”. B offers a solution; A just agrees with the counterclaim.
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Which option best signals irrelevant evidence is being introduced: “for example” or “by the way”?
Which option best signals irrelevant evidence is being introduced: “for example” or “by the way”?
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By the way. This phrase often introduces tangential or off-topic information.
By the way. This phrase often introduces tangential or off-topic information.
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What does it mean to evaluate an argument’s evidence for credibility?
What does it mean to evaluate an argument’s evidence for credibility?
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Check source expertise, bias, accuracy, and reliability. Assessing whether sources are trustworthy and unbiased.
Check source expertise, bias, accuracy, and reliability. Assessing whether sources are trustworthy and unbiased.
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Identify the strongest type of evidence for an argument: personal opinion or verifiable data from a credible source.
Identify the strongest type of evidence for an argument: personal opinion or verifiable data from a credible source.
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Verifiable data from a credible source. Facts from reliable sources outweigh personal beliefs.
Verifiable data from a credible source. Facts from reliable sources outweigh personal beliefs.
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Identify the fallacy: “One student cheated, so this entire class is dishonest.”
Identify the fallacy: “One student cheated, so this entire class is dishonest.”
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Hasty generalization. Draws broad conclusions from insufficient examples.
Hasty generalization. Draws broad conclusions from insufficient examples.
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Identify the fallacy: “This plan will lead to chaos, then crime, then total collapse.”
Identify the fallacy: “This plan will lead to chaos, then crime, then total collapse.”
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Slippery slope. Assumes one event inevitably causes extreme consequences.
Slippery slope. Assumes one event inevitably causes extreme consequences.
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Which option is irrelevant evidence for a claim about later school start times: sleep study data or cafeteria menu?
Which option is irrelevant evidence for a claim about later school start times: sleep study data or cafeteria menu?
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Cafeteria menu. Food choices don't relate to sleep patterns or academic performance.
Cafeteria menu. Food choices don't relate to sleep patterns or academic performance.
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Which sentence is evidence rather than a claim: “Uniforms improve focus” or “Office referrals dropped 20% after uniforms”?
Which sentence is evidence rather than a claim: “Uniforms improve focus” or “Office referrals dropped 20% after uniforms”?
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Office referrals dropped 20% after uniforms. Statistical data is factual evidence, not an opinion claim.
Office referrals dropped 20% after uniforms. Statistical data is factual evidence, not an opinion claim.
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