This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, point L(3,2) dilated by scale factor 2: apply (x,y)→(2x,2y) getting L'(6,4), or by 3 would be (9,6). In this case, the dilation by scale factor 2 correctly applies (x,y)→(2x,2y) to transform L(3,2) to L'(6,4). A common error might be applying the scale to only one coordinate, such as (6,2) or (3,4), or adding instead like (5,4). To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, point B(2,1) reflected over y=x: apply (x,y)→(y,x) getting B'(1,2), or over y-axis would be (-2,1). In this case, the reflection over y=x correctly applies (x,y)→(y,x) to transform B(2,1) to B'(1,2). A common error might be using the wrong reflection rule, such as (-x,y) instead of (y,x) for y=x, or swapping incorrectly to (2,-1). To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, square W(1,-2) translated to W'(-2,2): the change is -3 in x and +4 in y, so (x-3,y+4), applied to others confirms. In this case, the translation correctly applies the rule (x,y)→(x-3,y+4) to produce W'(-2,2), X'(0,2), Y'(0,4), and Z'(-2,4). A common error might be reversing the signs, such as (x+4,y-3) instead of (x-3,y+4), or miscalculating the vector as (x+3,y-4). To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation $(x,y) \to(x+h,y+k)$, reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by $(h,k)$ adds to coordinates $(x,y) \to(x+h,y+k)$, reflection over y-axis negates x $(x,y) \to(-x,y)$, over x-axis negates y $(x,y) \to(x,-y)$, rotation 90° CCW about origin uses $(x,y) \to(-y,x)$, dilation scale k from origin multiplies both $(x,y) \to(kx,ky)$; apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, a rectangle with vertices $(2,1)$, $(5,1)$, $(5,3)$, $(2,3)$ reflected over the y-axis: apply $(x,y) \to(-x,y)$ getting $(-2,1)$, $(-5,1)$, $(-5,3)$, $(-2,3)$, or translated by $(4,3)$ would be $(x+4,y+3)$. In this case, the reflection over the y-axis correctly applies the rule $(x,y) \to(-x,y)$ to produce the image vertices $(-2,1)$, $(-5,1)$, $(-5,3)$, and $(-2,3)$. A common error might be negating the wrong coordinate, such as using $(x,-y)$ for y-axis reflection instead of $(-x,y)$, or confusing it with $(-x,-y)$ which is a 180° rotation. To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule $((x,y) \to \dots)$, (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds $(h,k)$, x-axis reflection $(x,-y)$, y-axis reflection $(-x,y)$, 90° CCW rotation $(-y,x)$, 180° rotation $(-x,-y)$, dilation scale k is $(kx,ky)$; mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: $(-y,x)$ not $(y,-x)$), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, point Q(-4,5) reflected over the x-axis: apply (x,y)→(x,-y) getting Q'(-4,-5), or over y-axis would be (4,5). In this case, the x-axis reflection correctly applies (x,y)→(x,-y) to transform Q(-4,5) to Q'(-4,-5). A common error might be negating the wrong coordinate, such as using (-x,y) for x-axis instead of (x,-y), or flipping signs incorrectly to (4,5). To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, point P(3,2) rotated 90° CCW: apply (x,y)→(-y,x) getting P'(-2,3), or reflected over x-axis would be (3,-2). In this case, the 90° CCW rotation correctly applies the rule (x,y)→(-y,x) to transform P(3,2) to P'(-2,3). A common error might be using the wrong rotation formula, such as (y,-x) instead of (-y,x) for 90° CCW, or confusing it with (-x,-y) for 180°. To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, triangle D(1,1), E(2,1), F(1,3) dilated by scale factor 2: apply (x,y)→(2x,2y) getting D'(2,2), E'(4,2), F'(2,6), or translated by (4,3) would add to each. In this case, the dilation by scale factor 2 correctly applies the rule (x,y)→(2x,2y) to produce D'(2,2), E'(4,2), and F'(2,6). A common error might be confusing dilation with addition, such as writing (x+2,y+2) instead of (2x,2y), or applying it to only one coordinate like (2x,y). To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, triangle A(1,2), B(3,2), C(2,4) translated by (4,3): apply (x,y)→(x+4,y+3) getting A'(5,5), B'(7,5), C'(6,7), or reflection over y-axis: (x,y)→(-x,y) giving A'(-1,2), B'(-3,2), C'(-2,4). In this case, the translation by (4,3) correctly applies the rule (x,y)→(x+4,y+3) to produce the image vertices A'(5,5), B'(7,5), and C'(6,7). A common error might be using the wrong sign in translation, such as (x+3,y+4) instead of (x+4,y+3), or confusing it with (x+4,y-3) by flipping the y-direction. To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, the rule (x,y)→(x-3,y+2) corresponds to translation by (-3,2), or (x+4,y+3) would be (4,3). In this case, the rule (x,y)→(x-3,y+2) correctly represents translation by the vector (-3,2). A common error might be misreading the signs, such as thinking (x-3,y+2) is (3,2) instead of (-3,2), or confusing with (2,-3). To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).

This question tests describing transformation effects on coordinates using rules: translation (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection (negate appropriate coordinate), rotation (formula based on angle), dilation (multiply by scale factor). Each transformation has a coordinate rule: translation by (h,k) adds to coordinates (x,y)→(x+h,y+k), reflection over y-axis negates x (x,y)→(-x,y), over x-axis negates y (x,y)→(x,-y), rotation 90° CCW about origin uses (x,y)→(-y,x), dilation scale k from origin multiplies both (x,y)→(kx,ky); apply the rule to all vertices to get the image figure. For example, point R(6,-1) rotated 180°: apply (x,y)→(-x,-y) getting R'(-6,1), or 90° CCW would be (1,6). In this case, the 180° rotation correctly applies (x,y)→(-x,-y) to transform R(6,-1) to R'(-6,1). A common error might be using the wrong rotation formula, such as (-y,x) for 180° instead of (-x,-y), or miscalculating signs to (6,1). To apply the rule: (1) identify the transformation type and parameters, (2) write the coordinate rule ((x,y)→...), (3) apply to each vertex (substitute coordinates, calculate image), (4) verify it looks reasonable (translation shifts, reflection flips, rotation turns, dilation resizes). Memorize common rules: translation adds (h,k), x-axis reflection (x,-y), y-axis reflection (-x,y), 90° CCW rotation (-y,x), 180° rotation (-x,-y), dilation scale k is (kx,ky); mistakes include sign errors (most common: wrong sign on translation or reflection), coordinate order (rotation formulas must be exact: (-y,x) not (y,-x)), or forgetting to apply to all coordinates (does x but not y).