All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which sentence is evidence rather than opinion: A) "It is terrible" B) "The cost is 10"?
Answer: B) “The cost is 10”. Cost is a verifiable fact; "terrible" is subjective.
Flashcard 2: Which option is a reason (not evidence): A) "Because it improves safety" B) "A study found fewer injuries"?
Answer: A) “Because it improves safety”. Reasons explain why; evidence shows specific proof.
Flashcard 3: Which statement is unsupported: A) "Research shows" B) "Everyone knows it is best"?
Answer: B) “Everyone knows it is best”. "Everyone knows" lacks concrete proof or data.
Flashcard 4: Identify the counterclaim: "Some argue uniforms limit self-expression."
Answer: Uniforms limit self-expression. "Some argue" introduces an opposing viewpoint.
Flashcard 5: Which option is the strongest evidence: A) one example B) expert study C) personal feeling?
Answer: B) Expert study. Expert research carries more weight than anecdotes.
Flashcard 6: What is the bandwagon fallacy?
Answer: Claiming something is true because many people believe it. Popularity doesn't determine truth or validity.
Flashcard 7: Which option best signals a claim is being supported: A) "for example" B) "maybe"?
Answer: A) “for example”. "For example" introduces supporting evidence.
Flashcard 8: Which sentence shows bias: A) "This foolish rule" B) "This rule"?
Answer: A) “This foolish rule”. "Foolish" shows the author's negative judgment.
Flashcard 9: Which statement is a claim (not evidence): A) "The program works" B) "Scores rose by 15%"?
Answer: A) “The program works”. Claims state positions; evidence provides proof.
Flashcard 10: What is a claim in an argumentative informational text?
Answer: A statement the author wants the reader to accept as true. Claims are assertions that need support to be convincing.
Flashcard 11: What is the central argument of a text?
Answer: The main position the author supports with reasons and evidence. This is the thesis that all other points work to prove.
Flashcard 12: What is a reason in an argument?
Answer: A statement that explains why the claim should be believed. Reasons provide the logical basis for accepting claims.
Flashcard 13: What is evidence in an argument?
Answer: Facts or details that support a reason or claim. Evidence provides concrete proof for reasons and claims.
Flashcard 14: What is the difference between a fact and an opinion?
Answer: A fact is verifiable; an opinion is a belief or judgment. Facts can be proven true or false; opinions cannot.
Flashcard 15: What is a logical fallacy?
Answer: A flaw in reasoning that weakens an argument. Fallacies make arguments seem valid when they're not.
Flashcard 16: Identify the claim in this sentence: "School should start later to help students."
Answer: School should start later to help students. This states what should happen—a position to prove.
Flashcard 17: Identify the evidence in this sentence: "In a survey, 70% of students reported more sleep."
Answer: “In a survey, 70% of students reported more sleep”. Survey data provides measurable support for claims.
Flashcard 18: Which option best describes a supported claim: one with evidence or one with only opinions?
Answer: A claim supported with relevant evidence. Evidence makes claims credible, not mere opinions.
Flashcard 19: What is the best definition of a counterclaim?
Answer: A claim that opposes the author’s main claim. It challenges or contradicts the main argument.
Flashcard 20: What does it mean to evaluate a claim in a text?
Answer: Judge whether it is supported by strong, relevant evidence. Assessing if the proof adequately backs the claim.
Flashcard 21: Which option is the strongest type of evidence for a factual claim: a statistic, a rumor, or a guess?
Answer: A statistic (verifiable data). Numbers provide objective, measurable proof.
Flashcard 22: Which claim is NOT supported as written: “Recycling helps” or “Recycling reduces landfill waste by 20% in our city”?
Answer: “Recycling helps.”. Too vague—lacks specific reasons or proof.
Flashcard 23: What is the author’s argument in an informational text?
Answer: The overall position supported by claims, reasons, and evidence. The central thesis built from interconnected elements.
Flashcard 24: Identify the claim: “School should start later to improve student learning.”
Answer: School should start later to improve student learning. This states what should happen and why.
Flashcard 25: Identify the evidence: “In a 2023 study, grades rose after later start times.”
Answer: “In a 2023 study, grades rose after later start times.”. This provides specific data supporting the argument.
Flashcard 26: What is evidence in an informational argument?
Answer: Specific facts, examples, data, or quotations supporting a reason. Concrete proof that backs up reasoning.
Flashcard 27: Choose the best evaluation: If evidence is unrelated to the claim, is the claim well supported?
Answer: No; unrelated evidence does not support the claim. Evidence must connect to the claim to support it.
Flashcard 28: Which sentence is a reason (not evidence): “It saves money” or “The bill dropped by $30 last month”?
Answer: “It saves money.”. Reasons explain why; evidence shows specific facts.
Flashcard 29: Identify the counterclaim: “Some argue homework should be banned because it causes stress.”
Answer: Homework should be banned because it causes stress. "Some argue" signals an opposing viewpoint.
Flashcard 30: Which evidence is most relevant to the claim “Helmets reduce injuries”: helmet sales numbers or injury-rate data?
Answer: Injury-rate data. Injury data directly relates to safety claims.