Reading and Comprehending Informational Texts Proficiently Practice Test

Read the passage. During condensation, water vapor in the air cools, and its molecules slow down and move closer together. As they gather, tiny droplets form on a cold surface, such as the outside of a glass of ice water. Evaporation is the opposite phase change because liquid water gains heat and becomes a gas. Although the state changes, the substance remains water, and only the motion and spacing of particles changes. What caused the droplets to form on the outside of the cold glass?

Read the passage. Matter is anything that takes up space, and it can be a solid, liquid, or gas depending on how its particles move. In a solid, each particle stays in a fixed position and mainly vibrates, so the solid keeps its shape. When heat energy is added, particle motion increases because kinetic energy rises, and a phase change can occur. For example, melting happens when a solid becomes a liquid, while evaporation happens when a liquid becomes a gas. What does the word "kinetic" mean as it is used in the passage?