This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, it's a short conversation with two speakers, each with tag after dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'Hi' and 'Hello.' This pattern needs quotation marks around each spoken part, a comma before each closing quote, punctuation inside the quotation marks, and a period at the end of each sentence. Choice C is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("Hi," ... "Hello,"), uses commas to separate the dialogue from the speaker tags, puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation marks, and capitalizes the first words. Each part ends with a period after the tag. Choice B represents missing punctuation at ends or incorrect comma placement; for example, period after first 'said' but comma after 'replied' is missing in some, but B has no period after first and comma after second without period. Proper sentences need ending periods. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes before the dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'The test is tomorrow.' This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma after said, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice B is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("The test is tomorrow."), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation mark, and capitalizes the first word of dialogue. The comma after "said" separates the tag from the dialogue. Choice D represents punctuation outside quotes, which occurs when students put punctuation outside the quotation marks. Punctuation must go inside quotation marks, not outside. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes before the dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'I finished my work.' This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma after said, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice C is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("I finished my work."), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, and puts the period inside the closing quotation mark. Choice D represents punctuation outside quotes error, which occurs when students put punctuation outside the quotation marks. The period must go inside the closing quotation mark, not outside - this is a fundamental rule of dialogue punctuation. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes after the dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'Yes, I can help.' This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma before the closing quote, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice A is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("Yes, I can help,"), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation mark, and capitalizes the first word of dialogue. The comma before the closing quote separates the dialogue from the tag that follows. Choice C represents using period instead of comma, which occurs when students don't know comma separates tag from dialogue. The comma inside closing quote is needed unless ? or !. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes after the dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'That is my notebook'. This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma before the closing quote, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice B is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("That is my notebook,"), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation mark, and ends the sentence with a period. The comma before the closing quote separates the dialogue from the tag that follows. Choice A represents missing comma inside quotes, which occurs when students forget comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error). Without the comma, the tag isn't separated properly. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes before the dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'We should line up now.' This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma after said, the first word capitalized, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice A is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("We should line up now."), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, capitalizes the first word of dialogue ('We'), and puts the period inside the closing quotation mark. Choice D represents missing capital letter error, which occurs when students forget to capitalize first word of dialogue. The first word of dialogue ('We') must be capitalized because it begins what Amir is saying, even though it comes after 'Amir said,'. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes before the dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'I packed my lunch.' This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma after said, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice A is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("I packed my lunch."), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation mark, and capitalizes the first word of dialogue. The comma after "said" separates the tag from the dialogue. Choice D represents punctuation outside quotes, which occurs when students put punctuation outside the quotation marks. Punctuation must go inside quotation marks, not outside. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes after the dialogue, and it's a statement. The exact words spoken are 'I finished my project.' This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma before the closing quote, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice A is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("I finished my project,"), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation mark, and capitalizes the first word of dialogue. The comma before the closing quote separates the dialogue from the tag that follows. Choice B represents punctuation outside quotes or after closing, but it's a period inside yet no comma; students might put punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."). Without the comma inside, the separation is missing. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes after the dialogue, which is an exclamation. The exact words spoken are 'Watch out'. This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, no comma if using !, and the exclamation point must go inside the quotation marks. Choice C is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("Watch out!"), puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation mark, uses no extra comma with the !, and ends with a period. The exclamation point is inside the closing quotation mark where it belongs. Choice A represents adding comma after exclamation point, which occurs when students add comma after ! (don't need both). The extra comma is incorrect since ! replaces the comma. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.

This question tests CCSS.L.4.2.b: using commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech. Students must know where to place quotation marks (around exact words spoken) and commas (separating dialogue from speaker tags). Direct speech (dialogue) punctuation rules: (1) Put quotation marks around the exact words someone speaks, (2) Use comma to separate dialogue from speaker tag ('said/asked/shouted'), (3) Punctuation (periods, commas, question marks, exclamation points) goes INSIDE the closing quotation mark, (4) Start dialogue with a capital letter. Three patterns: TAG BEFORE: 'Mom said, "I love you."' - comma after said, quotes around dialogue, punctuation inside quotes. TAG AFTER: '"I love you," Mom said.' - comma inside closing quote unless ? or !, lowercase 'said' unless new sentence. TAG IN MIDDLE: '"I think," she said, "we should go."' - commas around tag, continue with lowercase if same sentence. In this dialogue, the speaker tag comes before the dialogue. The exact words spoken are 'Please be quiet'. This pattern needs quotation marks around the spoken words, a comma after said, and the punctuation must go inside the quotation marks. Choice A is correct because it places quotation marks around the exact words spoken ("Please be quiet."), uses a comma to separate the dialogue from the speaker tag, puts the punctuation inside the closing quotation mark, and capitalizes the first word of dialogue. The comma after "said" separates the tag from the dialogue. Choice D represents punctuation outside quotes, which occurs when students put punctuation outside the quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."). The period must go inside the quotation marks. To help students: Teach the three basic patterns with visual examples. PATTERN 1 (tag before): Speaker said, "Dialogue." - comma after said, quotes around words, period inside quotes. PATTERN 2 (tag after): "Dialogue," speaker said. - quotes around words, comma inside closing quote (unless ? or !), lowercase tag. PATTERN 3 (tag in middle): "First part," speaker said, "second part." - commas around tag, lowercase to continue or capital for new sentence. Practice by having students identify (1) exact words spoken - put quotes around those, (2) where speaker tag is - use comma to separate. Teach memory trick: 'Quotation marks HUG the exact words - they're close friends' and 'Punctuation is shy - it hides INSIDE the quotation marks.' Watch for: forgetting quotation marks entirely, forgetting comma after "said" when tag comes first, forgetting comma before closing quote when tag comes after (most common error), putting punctuation outside quotation marks ("Hello". instead of "Hello."), not capitalizing first word of dialogue, adding comma after ? or ! (only need the ? or !, not comma too). Have students read dialogue aloud to hear where pauses are - that's where commas go.