Earth and Space Science
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2nd Grade Science › Earth and Space Science

This is a location where water is found on Earth. What is the name of this location?
Swamp
Ocean
Glacier
Groundwater
Explanation
This is a photo of a swamp. A swamp is a low-lying area that collects water. Water can be found everywhere on Earth though! Water can be found underground, in oceans, seas, ponds, lakes, rivers, glaciers, streams, our atmosphere, and more. This is just one location to find water on Earth.
In what way(s) can you represent the shapes and kinds of water in an area in a realistic way?
Draw a picture
Make a model
All of the answer choices are correct
Create a map
Explanation
Each body of water is unique and can be represented visually. The most reasonable and realistic ways to represent these bodies of water would be by drawing a picture, creating a map, or building a model. Using a model can bring in another level of detail by adding in actual water. A map and drawing will give readers a chance to see how the water is shaped and surrounded by land. All of the listed answer choices would be good ways to represent bodies of water.
LeBron has to make a model of the shapes of the land in his area. He gets modeling clay, dirt, grass, rocks, and a tray. Which item should he choose to help make his model accurate?
A detailed local map
A globe
A drawing his brother made
A photo of Mount Everest
Explanation
Maps are a perfect way to show the shapes of the land that is in an area. By mapping the land, people can see the shape, size, and how the surrounding bodies of water are shaped as well. If the map is local and, detailed LeBron can use this as a plan to follow when making the model.
What is a characteristic of Earth’s bodies of water?
They are each unique and have their own shape.
They are all identical to each other.
They are all made of saltwater.
They each have the same animals and plants in them.
Explanation
A characteristic of Earth's bodies of water is that they are all unique and have their own shape. No two bodies of water are the same. They are all shaped differently, have different plants and animals, varying depths, and are located across the globe.
In what way(s) can you represent the shapes and kinds of land in an area in a realistic way?
Build a model, sketch a drawing, or make a map
There is no way to represent the shape of the land
You can use your body to make the shape of the land
Create a song and dance about landforms in your area
Explanation
The most realistic and reasonable answer choice for representing the shapes and kinds of land in an area would be to build a model, sketch a drawing, or make a map. These activities would be good representations of the earth. A model can be made out of clay or loose materials to look three-dimensional, a map is an accurate way to show people the land, and a drawing can be a great interpretation of how you see the shapes.
Which solution would be the best and most reasonable for stopping wind and water from changing the shape of the land?
Place large tarps on the sides of cliffs so the rain cannot touch the rocks.
Place large umbrellas near the sides of cliffs to block the wind.
Move all the sand away from the beach so the water cannot touch it.
Plant shrubs and trees to hold the soil together.
Explanation
The best and most reasonable way to stop wind or water for changing the shape of the land would be to plant shrubs and trees to hold the soil together. Tree roots stabilize and secure the soil helping it from being eroded. This process can help control erosion (the movement of broken-down materials), so there are fewer changes to the Earth.
Which solution would be best and most reasonable for slowing wind and water from changing the shape of the land?
Place large umbrellas near the sides of cliffs to block the wind
There is no way to slow wind and water from changing the land, so no one should try
Bring in new sand or dirt to fill in areas that have started to wear away
Take the existing sand and add concrete to it to strengthen it
Explanation
The best and most reasonable choice for slowing wind and water from changing the shape of the land would be to bring in new sand or dirt to fill in areas that have started to wear away. Erosion is the movement of materials that have been broken down, so bringing in new sand or dirt can help slow the water and wind from changing the landform.
The Grand Canyon is one of the United State’s best examples of erosion. Wind, rain, and the Colorado River slowly created it. These forces cut and shaped the area into what it is today. The Appalachian Mountains were a towering mountain range millions of years ago. Today their highest point is 6,684 feet tall. That same peak used to be an estimated 20,000 feet high. Erosion over time has worn the mountains down and changed them forever.
What conclusion can the reader make about the formation of mountains?
It happens slowly.
It happens quickly.
It doesn't happen.
No one knows how long it takes.
Explanation
Erosion is a prolonged process, but the results are extraordinary. The clues in the text that let readers know this is a slow-moving process is "slowly," "were a towering mountain range millions of years ago," "erosion over time," and "used to be." These words and phrases all hint to something taking a long time to happen. Some processes on Earth happen quickly, but not erosion!

This is a location where water is found on Earth. What is the name of this location?
Swamp
Ocean
Glacier
Groundwater
Explanation
This is a photo of a swamp. A swamp is a low-lying area that collects water. Water can be found everywhere on Earth though! Water can be found underground, in oceans, seas, ponds, lakes, rivers, glaciers, streams, our atmosphere, and more. This is just one location to find water on Earth.
Which answer choice is an example of solid and liquid water on Earth?
Solid - waterfall
Liquid - rain
Solid - hail
Liquid - rain
Solid - snow
Liquid - hail
Solid - rain
Liquid - waterfall
Explanation
Earth has both liquid and solid water present. An example of how both of these forms can be found on Earth is that hail is solid, and rain is a liquid. They are both water but just in different forms. Students will learn about other forms of water and how they change in upper grade-levels.