AP US Government

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1

“You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you . . .” This \[now somewhat famous\] warning comes from the result in Miranda v. Arizona, but which constitutional amendment forms the basis for this “Miranda” warning?

Fifth Amendment

Eighth Amendment

Twentieth Amendment

Twelfth Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

Explanation

The Fifth Amendment is the correct answer. Recall, the Fifth Amendment has multiple “clauses” or parts, including all of the following clauses: the ‘takings,’ grand jury, double jeopardy, due process, and—the reason the answer is correct—the self-incrimination clause. While this answer may sound like it stems from the Eighth Amendment (as it deals with things like excessive punishments), it does not.

The Eighth Amendment (above) deals with excessive/cruel punishment;

The Twentieth Amendment reduced the amount of “lame duck” time faced by an outgoing Congress.

The Twelfth Amendment restructured the way in which the President and Vice President were elected from the winner (president) and runner up (vice-president) to two different ballots (that is, the President and Vice President are elected separately by the Electoral College). Can you see why the first way would be uncomfortable for the President/VP? (Hint: it has to do with political parties).

The Fourteenth Amendment, similar to the Fifth, has many clauses (due process, equal protection, etc) none of which are relevant here.

2

The first and most influencing group on one's political socialization is who?

The family

Peers

Teachers

Religious leaders

None of these

Explanation

As early as 5 years old, young people start to assimilate and have affective feelings on political subjects provided by their interactions with their parents and family. This process continues until they form their own political worldview.

3

In order to be qualified to vote in the United States, one must have all of the following except                           .

political party identification

voter registration in their state

identification showing them to be at least 18 years of age

U.S. citizenship or proof of residency

None of these answers is correct.

Explanation

One must not identify with a political party in order to be eligible to vote. Many voters choose not to affiliate themselves with any political party, and instead just vote based on the candidates running in each election.

4

The Wilmot Proviso                     .

attempted to ban slavery in any territory acquired in the war with Mexico

succeeded in banning slavery in the territory acquired in the war with Mexico

attempted to ban the extension of slavery into any new territories once they became states

argued that states should have the right to determine the slavery issue themselves through popular sovereignty

succeeded in banning the extension of slavery into any new territories once they became states

Explanation

The Wilmot Proviso is considered an important part of the build up to the outbreak of Civil War. It attempted to ban the extension of slavery into any states or territory acquired in the war with Mexico; however, it was repeatedly rejected in the Senate because the South had enough representatives to block such legislation from passing. The issue would be settled temporarily by the Compromise of 1850.

5

Select the document from which the civil liberties and rights of all Americans are derived.

The Bill of Rights

The Constitution

The Declaration of Independence

The Magna Carta

Explanation

The Bill of Rights – which are the Constitution’s first ten Amendments – are the source of the civil liberties and rights enjoyed by all Americans. The Constitution itself is a much broader document; it deals with Congressional structure, states’ rights, Presidential powers, and federal election requirements, among many other administrative concerns. The Bill of Rights was specifically added onto the Constitution by Congress in 1791, in order to ensure that in addition to its other topics, the Constitution included adequate protection of civil liberties. Included in the Bill of Rights are such famous statements as the right to freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and protection against “cruel and unusual punishment” by legal authorities. Indeed, the Bill of Rights is primarily focused on listing those freedoms (such as the three stated above) that both the national and state governments must respect and may not (unless under severe duress) ban any citizen from exercising or enjoying. Because most state constitutions at the time already included their own bills of rights, the Constitution’s Bill of Rights took its inspiration from these state documents, which were widely satisfaction of most citizens.

6

Select the document from which the civil liberties and rights of all Americans are derived.

The Bill of Rights

The Constitution

The Declaration of Independence

The Magna Carta

Explanation

The Bill of Rights – which are the Constitution’s first ten Amendments – are the source of the civil liberties and rights enjoyed by all Americans. The Constitution itself is a much broader document; it deals with Congressional structure, states’ rights, Presidential powers, and federal election requirements, among many other administrative concerns. The Bill of Rights was specifically added onto the Constitution by Congress in 1791, in order to ensure that in addition to its other topics, the Constitution included adequate protection of civil liberties. Included in the Bill of Rights are such famous statements as the right to freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and protection against “cruel and unusual punishment” by legal authorities. Indeed, the Bill of Rights is primarily focused on listing those freedoms (such as the three stated above) that both the national and state governments must respect and may not (unless under severe duress) ban any citizen from exercising or enjoying. Because most state constitutions at the time already included their own bills of rights, the Constitution’s Bill of Rights took its inspiration from these state documents, which were widely satisfaction of most citizens.

7

Which headline is the the most consistent with the "yellow journalism" approach to reporting?

President Grant Exposed as Ringleader of Whiskey Ring!

United States Blocks Spanish out of Cuba!

Pearl Harbor Slowly Rebuilds from the Ashes!

Frederick Douglass Loses at Supreme Court!

Referendum 9 Passes!

Explanation

Yellow journalism focused on sensationalism- violence, romance, patriotism, and exposes of government, politics, business, and society. The four incorrect answers deal with everyday news events, despite the exclamation points at the end. "Yellow journalism" would encourage reporters to investigate any scandals regardless of their validity, and if higher officials could be connected with outrageous headlines would be all the more sensational.

8

In order to be qualified to vote in the United States, one must have all of the following except                           .

political party identification

voter registration in their state

identification showing them to be at least 18 years of age

U.S. citizenship or proof of residency

None of these answers is correct.

Explanation

One must not identify with a political party in order to be eligible to vote. Many voters choose not to affiliate themselves with any political party, and instead just vote based on the candidates running in each election.

9

Libel refers to                     .

the publication of slanderous or malicious statements designed to denigrate an individual’s reputation

a campaign ad designed to support a controversial candidate by offering false statements about his or her accomplishments

the fact that the government prohibits the establishment of an official state religion

the government’s policy of protecting the right of workers to strike without fear of losing their jobs

a president who no longer has a popular mandate to carry out his or her policy goals

Explanation

Libel, also known as defamation or slander, is the practice of publishing or communicating false information designed to specifically target and weaken the reputation of another group or individual.

10

Grandfather clauses were                     .

designed to prevent African-Americans from voting in the Reconstruction-era south

established in the Antebellum South to prevent African-Americans from serving in office

deemed unconstitutional during the Truman administration

designed to prevent working-class people from voting in the early years of the American republic

established in African-American communities to encourage the people to get out and vote

Explanation

Grandfather clauses were established in the South during the Reconstruction era, after the Civil War, in an attempt to prevent many African-Americans from voting. In the Reconstruction era, many Southern states made laws declaring that any man voting had to pass strict literacy and property ownership tests, unless he could prove that his grandfather had been able to vote prior to the Civil War. Grandfather clauses were ruled unconstitutional in 1915.

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