Plant Functions

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AP Biology › Plant Functions

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be abundant in soil?

Iron

Oxygen

Phosphorus

Hydrogen

Carbon

Explanation

There are many necessary nutrients involved in plant development. The nutrients are used in different quantities and are grouped accordingly in two categories: micronutrients and macronutrients. Micronutrients, such as iron, are important to healthy plant growth but are used in small quantities. Macronutrients, such as oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus, are also used for healthy plant growth but are used in the greatest quantities.

As a result, the macronutrients are more likely to become depleted in the soil as the plant absorbs them, while the micronutrients remain abundant. Iron, as a micronutrient, is more likely to be abundant in soil than any of the macronutrients.

2

Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be abundant in soil?

Iron

Oxygen

Phosphorus

Hydrogen

Carbon

Explanation

There are many necessary nutrients involved in plant development. The nutrients are used in different quantities and are grouped accordingly in two categories: micronutrients and macronutrients. Micronutrients, such as iron, are important to healthy plant growth but are used in small quantities. Macronutrients, such as oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus, are also used for healthy plant growth but are used in the greatest quantities.

As a result, the macronutrients are more likely to become depleted in the soil as the plant absorbs them, while the micronutrients remain abundant. Iron, as a micronutrient, is more likely to be abundant in soil than any of the macronutrients.

3

How would you expect plants in deserts to differ from those in rainforests?

They would have different water retention and utilization strategies

Desert plants would have larger spines

Desert plants would have no woody bark due to lack of herbivores

Desert plants would have more seeds than plants in the rainforests

Explanation

Desert plants would have different water retention and utilization strategies. They would likely use C4 or CAM photosynthesis. The C4 and CAM pathways are specific adaptations to arid conditions. They allow higher water retention, which is needed in the desert but not the rainforest. Since the main difference between these two environments is the abundance of water, even if the other options were true, they are minor differences in comparison to the need to utilize water differently.

4

How would you expect plants in deserts to differ from those in rainforests?

They would have different water retention and utilization strategies

Desert plants would have larger spines

Desert plants would have no woody bark due to lack of herbivores

Desert plants would have more seeds than plants in the rainforests

Explanation

Desert plants would have different water retention and utilization strategies. They would likely use C4 or CAM photosynthesis. The C4 and CAM pathways are specific adaptations to arid conditions. They allow higher water retention, which is needed in the desert but not the rainforest. Since the main difference between these two environments is the abundance of water, even if the other options were true, they are minor differences in comparison to the need to utilize water differently.

5

What is the function of lateral meristems?

Provide secondary growth in woody plants

Provide nutrients to apical meristems

Maintain water homeostasis

Stimulate root hair growth

Explanation

In addition to growing in height, woody plants also grow in thickness. This is the function of lateral meristems. Lateral meristems are comprised of the vascular cambrium, and by cork cambrium that form vascular cylinders. The vascular cambrium adds layers of secondary xylem and phloem (wood), whereas the cork cambrium replaces the outer epidermis with a thicker and tougher layer called periderm.

6

Which plant tissue system is similar to the human circulatory system?

Vascular tissue

Dermal tissue

Vascular cambium

Sclerenchyma

Ground tissue

Explanation

A plant's vascular tissues transport nutrients throughout the plant, just as the circulatory system transports nutrients throughout human bodies. While blood is the primary solvent for nutrients in humans, water is the primary solvent for nutrients in plants. Animals, however, use blood pressure to propel nutrients throughout the body while plants use gravity and the cohesive properties of water to transport nutrients.

The two primary types of plant vascular tissue are xylem, which transports water, and phloem, which transports organic molecules like glucose.

7

What is the function of lateral meristems?

Provide secondary growth in woody plants

Provide nutrients to apical meristems

Maintain water homeostasis

Stimulate root hair growth

Explanation

In addition to growing in height, woody plants also grow in thickness. This is the function of lateral meristems. Lateral meristems are comprised of the vascular cambrium, and by cork cambrium that form vascular cylinders. The vascular cambrium adds layers of secondary xylem and phloem (wood), whereas the cork cambrium replaces the outer epidermis with a thicker and tougher layer called periderm.

8

Which plant tissue system is similar to the human circulatory system?

Vascular tissue

Dermal tissue

Vascular cambium

Sclerenchyma

Ground tissue

Explanation

A plant's vascular tissues transport nutrients throughout the plant, just as the circulatory system transports nutrients throughout human bodies. While blood is the primary solvent for nutrients in humans, water is the primary solvent for nutrients in plants. Animals, however, use blood pressure to propel nutrients throughout the body while plants use gravity and the cohesive properties of water to transport nutrients.

The two primary types of plant vascular tissue are xylem, which transports water, and phloem, which transports organic molecules like glucose.

9

Which of the following techniques could be used to determine if a species of plant requires potassium?

Grow a sample of plants in a potassium-rich environment and another sample in a potassium-deprived environment

Measure the amount of potassium in a sample of plants

Use autoradiography to find potassium in leaf tissues

Measure how fast radioactive potassium enters the plant

Analyze root contents for potassium

Explanation

In hypothesis-based scientific inquiry, the experiment must have an experimental group and a control group. In this case, growing plants with potassium would be the experimental group and growing plants without potassium would be the control group. Maintaining all other experimental variables, this method would allow the researcher to determine whether the plant species requires potassium. If the plants in the potassium-deprived environment die, but the plants in the potassium-rich environment survive, we can conclude that potassium is necessary for this species to survive.

The presence of potassium in the plant, leaves, or roots does not indicate it is a required nutrient. This simply indicates that the plant is capable of absorbing potassium, but does not show a dependency on potassium. Also, the movement of potassium into the plant does not indicate it is a required nutrient.

10

Which of the following techniques could be used to determine if a species of plant requires potassium?

Grow a sample of plants in a potassium-rich environment and another sample in a potassium-deprived environment

Measure the amount of potassium in a sample of plants

Use autoradiography to find potassium in leaf tissues

Measure how fast radioactive potassium enters the plant

Analyze root contents for potassium

Explanation

In hypothesis-based scientific inquiry, the experiment must have an experimental group and a control group. In this case, growing plants with potassium would be the experimental group and growing plants without potassium would be the control group. Maintaining all other experimental variables, this method would allow the researcher to determine whether the plant species requires potassium. If the plants in the potassium-deprived environment die, but the plants in the potassium-rich environment survive, we can conclude that potassium is necessary for this species to survive.

The presence of potassium in the plant, leaves, or roots does not indicate it is a required nutrient. This simply indicates that the plant is capable of absorbing potassium, but does not show a dependency on potassium. Also, the movement of potassium into the plant does not indicate it is a required nutrient.

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