How would you help a student get excited/engaged with a subject that they are struggling in?

Finding a way to connect that topic to something the student is already interested in can be helpful. For example, if a student loves the Harry Potter books, showing what that series took from early literature might help make a connection to Medieval or Renaissance works.

What techniques would you use to be sure that a student understands the material?

Asking a student to explain a concept to me. If he or she can "teach" me about it, then understanding has probably been achieved.

How do you build a student's confidence in a subject?

Highlighting what a student already knows or showing how a student already uses these skills without realizing it.

How do you evaluate a student's needs?

Asking where and how a student struggles, and what topics seem particularly problematic. Self-diagnosis is often helpful, but then I would follow through with some questions of my own to make sure.

What might you do in a typical first session with a student?

Find out a little about the student. Ask about the class, the assignment, and the time frame that the student has to work with. Go over some general introductory things to get a sense of where he or she is and what is needed.

How can you help a student become an independent learner?

Teach the student the skills to figure things out on his or her own--not simply provide the answers.