Cell Biology
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AP Biology › Cell Biology
When cells send a signal, it is often in the form of a secreted molecule. In some cases, a cell will secrete a molecule that binds to a receptor on its own cell surface. What type of signaling is this?
Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine
Exocrine
Explanation
When a molecule binds to a receptor on a cell surface, it means that a signal has been received by that cell. In this case, the cell that sent the signal is the same cell that is receiving the signal. Autocrine signaling is the term that describes a cell sending a signal to itself ("auto" in this context means self). Exocrine signaling occurs when a substance is secreted through a gland or duct. Endocrine signaling occurs when a substance is secreted into the bloodstream. Paracrine signaling occurs when a cell sends a signal to nearby cells (often to change the behavior or properties of those cells).
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of .
chitin
cellulose
peptidoglycan
glycogen
carboxypeptidase
Explanation
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of .
chitin
cellulose
peptidoglycan
glycogen
carboxypeptidase
Explanation
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.
Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
I. Blue-green algae
II. Cyanobacteria
III. Ferns
I, II, and III
III only
I and III only
II and III only
I and II only
Explanation
While the photosynthetic process differs slightly among these organisms, cyanobacteria, algae, and ferns (along with all other plants) all undergo photosynthesis-the process of using sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water.
Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
I. Blue-green algae
II. Cyanobacteria
III. Ferns
I, II, and III
III only
I and III only
II and III only
I and II only
Explanation
While the photosynthetic process differs slightly among these organisms, cyanobacteria, algae, and ferns (along with all other plants) all undergo photosynthesis-the process of using sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water.
For each molecule of glucose, how many ATP are produced by the Citric Acid Cycle?
2 ATP
1 ATP
4 ATP
3 ATP
6 ATP
Explanation
Each molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules. Each of these pyruvate molecules go through the citric acid cycle and produce 1 ATP each, resulting in 2 ATP total.
For each molecule of glucose, how many ATP are produced by the Citric Acid Cycle?
2 ATP
1 ATP
4 ATP
3 ATP
6 ATP
Explanation
Each molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules. Each of these pyruvate molecules go through the citric acid cycle and produce 1 ATP each, resulting in 2 ATP total.
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of .
chitin
cellulose
peptidoglycan
glycogen
carboxypeptidase
Explanation
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of .
chitin
cellulose
peptidoglycan
glycogen
carboxypeptidase
Explanation
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of .
chitin
cellulose
peptidoglycan
glycogen
carboxypeptidase
Explanation
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.