Ethics, Communication, And Special Populations Practice Test

A 78-year-old man with a history of moderate Alzheimer dementia is hospitalized for a non-healing, gangrenous ulcer on his right foot. His surgeon recommends a below-the-knee amputation to prevent life-threatening sepsis. The patient, who is oriented only to his name, emphatically refuses the surgery, stating, 'I want to die with both my legs.' He does not seem to appreciate the risk of death from his condition. His daughter, who is his healthcare proxy, is distraught and asks the physician to proceed with the surgery against her father's wishes.

A 45-year-old woman is a candidate for a liver transplant due to alcoholic cirrhosis. She has been sober for 7 months, is active in Alcoholics Anonymous, and has strong family support. The transplant committee is evaluating her candidacy.