How to factor an equation

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SAT Math › How to factor an equation

Questions 1 - 10
1

Factor the following equation.

x2 – 16

(x + 4)(x + 4)

(x – 4)(x – 4)

(x + 4)(x – 4)

(x)(x – 4)

(x2)(4 – 2)

Explanation

The correct answer is (x + 4)(x – 4)

We neen to factor x2 – 16 to solve. We know that each parenthesis will contain an x to make the x2. We know that the root of 16 is 4 and since it is negative and no value of x is present we can tell that one 4 must be positive and the other negative. If we work it from the multiple choice answers we will see that when multiplying it out we get x2 + 4x – 4x – 16. 4x – 4x cancels out and we are left with our answer.

2

if x – y = 4 and x2 – y = 34, what is x?

12

9

15

6

10

Explanation

This can be solved by substitution and factoring.

x2 – y = 34 can be written as y = x2 – 34 and substituted into the other equation: x – y = 4 which leads to x – x2 + 34 = 4 which can be written as x2 – x – 30 = 0.

x2 – x – 30 = 0 can be factored to (x – 6)(x + 5) = 0 so x = 6 and –5 and because only 6 is a possible answer, it is the correct choice.

3

If x_2 + 2_ax + 81 = 0. When a = 9, what is the value of x?

0

3

9

–9

–18

Explanation

When a = 9, then x_2 + 2_ax + 81 = 0 becomes

x_2 + 18_x + 81 = 0.

This equation can be factored as (x + 9)2 = 0.

Therefore when a = 9, x = –9.

4

Solve for a.

No solution

Explanation

The expression can be factored.

We must find two numbers that added together equal -7, and multiplied together equal 60. Those two numbers are -12 and 5.

Now we can set both terms equal to zero and solve for a.

,

5

Factor .

Cannot be factored

Explanation

First pull out any common terms: 4_x_3 – 16_x_ = 4_x_(_x_2 – 4)

_x_2 – 4 is a difference of squares, so we can also factor that further. The difference of squares formula is _a_2 – _b_2 = (ab)(a + b). Here a = x and b = 2. So _x_2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2).

Putting everything together, 4_x_3 – 16_x_ = 4_x_(x + 2)(x – 2).

6

Factor 36_x_2 – 49_y_2.

(6_x_ + 7_y_)(6_x_ – 7_y_)

(6_x_ + 7_y_)(6_x_ + 7_y_)

(6_x_ – 7_y_)(6_x_ – 7_y_)

6_x_2 – 7_y_2

cannot be factored

Explanation

This is a difference of squares. The difference of squares formula is a_2 – b_2 = (a + b)(ab). In this problem, a = 6_x and b = 7_y.

So 36_x_2 – 49_y_2 = (6_x_ + 7_y_)(6_x_ – 7_y_).

7

Solve for x:

\dpi{100} \small x^{2}-2x-48 = 0

\dpi{100} \small x=8,-6

Explanation

Find two numbers that add to \dpi{100} \small -2 and multiply to \dpi{100} \small -48

Factors of \dpi{100} \small 48

\dpi{100} \small 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,16,24,48

You can use \dpi{100} \small -8 +6 =-2

\dpi{100} \small (x-8)(x+6) = 0

Then make each factor equal 0.

\dpi{100} \small x-8 = 0 and \dpi{100} \small x+6 = 0

\dpi{100} \small x= 8 and \dpi{100} \small x=-6

8

If f(x) has roots at x = –1, 0 and 2, which of the following could be the equation for f(x)?

f(x) = x2 + x – 2

f(x) = x2 – x – 2

f(x) = x3 – x2 + 2x

f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x

f(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x2

Explanation

In general, if a function has a root at x = r, then (x – r) must be a factor of f(x). In this problem, we are told that f(x) has roots at –1, 0 and 2. This means that the following are all factors of f(x):

(x – (–1)) = x + 1

(x – 0) = x

and (x – 2).

This means that we must look for an equation for f(x) that has the factors (x + 1), x, and (x – 2).

We can immediately eliminate the function f(x) = _x_2 + x – 2, because we cannot factor an x out of this polynomial. For the same reason, we can eliminate f(x) = _x_2 – x – 2.

Let's look at the function f(x) = _x_3 – x_2 + 2_x. When we factor this, we are left with x(_x_2 – x + 2). We cannot factor this polynomial any further. Thus, x + 1 and x – 2 are not factors of this function, so it can't be the answer.

Next, let's examine f(x) = _x_4 + _x_3 – 2_x_2 .

We can factor out _x_2.

_x_2 (_x_2 + x – 2)

When we factor _x_2 + x – 2, we will get (x + 2)(x – 1). These factors are not the same as x – 2 and x + 1.

The only function with the right factors is f(x) = _x_3 – x_2 – 2_x.

When we factor out an x, we get (_x_2 – x – 2), which then factors into (x – 2)(x + 1). Thus, this function has all of the factors we need.

The answer is f(x) = _x_3 – x_2 – 2_x.

9

Find the roots of f(x)=x^2+2x-3

x=1,-3

x=0,3

x=2,1

x=-1,3

x=1,3

Explanation

Factoring yields (x+3)(x-1) giving roots of -3 and 1.

10

\frac{-3-2x+x^{2}}{x-3}

Find the root of the equation above.

x=-1

x=0

x=1

x=2

x=3

Explanation

The numerator can be factored into (x-3)(x+1).

Therefore, it can cancel with the denominator. So x+1=0 imples x=-1.

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