SAT Math Flashcards: Inferences And Claims From Statistics
Study Inferences And Claims From Statistics in SAT Math with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.
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SAT Math Flashcards: Inferences And Claims From Statistics
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QUESTION
Which graph type is best for displaying frequency distributions?
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ANSWER
Histogram. Shows distribution shape and frequency of values across intervals or bins.
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Flashcard 1: Which graph type is best for displaying frequency distributions?
Answer: Histogram. Shows distribution shape and frequency of values across intervals or bins.
Flashcard 2: Identify the formula for calculating the median of a data set.
Answer: Arrange data, find middle value(s). For odd n, middle value; for even n, average of two middle values.
Flashcard 3: What is the mode of the data set: 3, 3, 4, 5, 6?
Answer: Mode = 3. The value that appears most frequently in the data set.
Flashcard 4: Which statistical measure is most affected by outliers?
Answer: Mean. Extreme values pull the mean away from the center more than median or mode.
Flashcard 5: Find the range of the data set: 2, 8, 15, 22.
Answer: Range = 20. Difference between maximum and minimum: 22−2=20.
Flashcard 6: What is the purpose of a confidence interval in statistics?
Answer: Estimate range for population parameter. Provides likely bounds where true population value falls with given confidence.
Flashcard 7: Find and correct the claim: 'The sample result proves the hypothesis.'
Answer: Correct: 'The sample result supports the hypothesis.'. 'Supports' is proper; samples provide evidence but never absolute proof.
Flashcard 8: Identify the term: The likelihood that a result is due to chance.
Answer: P-value. Measures probability that observed results occurred by random chance alone.
Flashcard 9: What is the definition of a statistical inference?
Answer: Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample. Uses sample data to make educated guesses about the entire population.
Flashcard 10: Identify the median of the following numbers: 5, 2, 9, 4, 7.
Answer: The median is 5. Sort values first: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9; middle value is 5.
Flashcard 11: What is the mean of the data set: 3, 7, 8, 10, 15?
Answer: The mean is 8.6. Sum all values and divide by count: (3+7+8+10+15)/5=43/5=8.6.
Flashcard 12: What is the range of the data set: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15?
Answer: The range is 12. 15−3=12; difference between largest and smallest values.
Flashcard 13: What is statistical significance?
Answer: Results unlikely due to chance, given a threshold. Indicates results are unlikely to occur by random chance alone.
Flashcard 14: What is a normal distribution?
Answer: A bell-shaped distribution symmetric about the mean. Most data falls within a predictable range around the center.
Flashcard 15: Define 'sample' in statistics.
Answer: A subset of the population used for analysis. Representative portion selected from the larger population for study.
Flashcard 16: What is the mode of the data set: 4, 4, 6, 8, 8, 8?
Answer: The mode is 8. The value 8 appears most frequently (3 times).
Flashcard 17: What does a p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?
Answer: Probability of observed result under null hypothesis. Lower p-values suggest stronger evidence against the null hypothesis.
Flashcard 18: Identify the stronger correlation: r=0.7 or r=−0.7.
Answer: Both are equally strong. Both have the same absolute value, so equal strength.
Flashcard 19: What is a skewed distribution?
Answer: A distribution that is not symmetric. Data is pulled more toward one tail than the other.
Flashcard 20: What does a histogram display?
Answer: The frequency distribution of a data set. Shows how often different values or ranges occur in data.
Flashcard 21: What is the formula for variance?
Answer: Variance = n−1sum of squared deviations. Measures how spread out data points are from the mean.
Flashcard 22: What is the correlation coefficient range?
Answer: From -1 to 1. Perfect positive correlation is 1, perfect negative is -1.
Flashcard 23: What does correlation measure?
Answer: The strength and direction of a linear relationship. Values closer to -1 or 1 indicate stronger linear relationships.
Flashcard 24: What is a scatter plot?
Answer: A graph showing the relationship between two variables. Each point represents one observation with two variable values.
Flashcard 25: Identify the outlier in the set: 2, 4, 4, 5, 100.
Answer: The outlier is 100. Value that falls far outside the typical range of the data.
Flashcard 26: What is sampling bias?
Answer: Bias due to non-random sample selection. Systematic error that makes samples unrepresentative of the population.
Flashcard 27: What does 'margin of error' describe?
Answer: The range of error in sample estimate of population. Quantifies the uncertainty in survey or poll results.
Flashcard 28: What is a box plot?
Answer: A graphical summary of data distribution using quartiles. Shows median, quartiles, and potential outliers in data distribution.
Flashcard 29: What is the central limit theorem?
Answer: The distribution of sample means approximates normality. For large samples, sample means follow a normal distribution pattern.
Flashcard 30: Calculate the confidence interval: mean = 50, SD = 10, n = 25, 95% CI.
Answer: The confidence interval is (46.08, 53.92). 50±1.96×2510=50±3.92.