The definition of species states that once two groups of animals are no longer able to breed with one another, they are considered members of different species. Allopatric speciation describes speciation that happens when two groups of organisms become separated by a geographic barrier that prevents interbreeding. In this question, the river is the geographic barrier separating the organisms in the mountains from those in the forest. Over time, these two groups of organisms acquire differences. Once these differences are enough to prevent the members of these two groups from being able to mate with one another, they are considered different species and allopatric speciation has occurred.

The definition of species states that once two groups of animals are no longer able to breed with one another, they are considered members of different species. Allopatric speciation describes speciation that happens when two groups of organisms become separated by a geographic barrier that prevents interbreeding. In this question, the river is the geographic barrier separating the organisms in the mountains from those in the forest. Over time, these two groups of organisms acquire differences. Once these differences are enough to prevent the members of these two groups from being able to mate with one another, they are considered different species and allopatric speciation has occurred.

All of the given are assumptions made for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except "mutations are non-lethal." In the Hardy-Weinberg model, there is an assumption of no mutations, as mutations would introduce new alleles that would distort the ratios predicted for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

All of the given are assumptions made for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except "mutations are non-lethal." In the Hardy-Weinberg model, there is an assumption of no mutations, as mutations would introduce new alleles that would distort the ratios predicted for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

The founder effect is when genetic variability is lost due to a small number of individuals from a larger population forming a new population. The smaller population only breeds with each other and is not genetically representative of the larger group from which it was founded. Thus, the humans on a deserted island are an example of this. The hurricane might be an example of a population bottle neck and the breeder might be causing a population bottleneck by only breeding certain dogs, but the humans are a better example of the deliberate formation of a new breeding population.

The founder effect is when genetic variability is lost due to a small number of individuals from a larger population forming a new population. The smaller population only breeds with each other and is not genetically representative of the larger group from which it was founded. Thus, the humans on a deserted island are an example of this. The hurricane might be an example of a population bottle neck and the breeder might be causing a population bottleneck by only breeding certain dogs, but the humans are a better example of the deliberate formation of a new breeding population.

In biology, fitness measures the ability of an organism to reproduce and pass on its alleles and traits to future generations. An organism is considered more fit if many of its offspring survive and manage to reproduce, which creates more and more copies of the organism's original alleles. In this case, the deceased male still managed to pass on the most alleles since he has multiple offspring carrying his genetic information when compared to the other birds.

In biology, fitness measures the ability of an organism to reproduce and pass on its alleles and traits to future generations. An organism is considered more fit if many of its offspring survive and manage to reproduce, which creates more and more copies of the organism's original alleles. In this case, the deceased male still managed to pass on the most alleles since he has multiple offspring carrying his genetic information when compared to the other birds.

The correct answer is "sympatric." Speciation often occurs after a group of individuals becomes geographically isolated from its original population, as occurs in allopatric and peripatric specition. In parapatric speciation, there is a very small overlap in the area of the diverging population during and after speciation. In sympatric speciation, a new species evolves without the individuals ever leaving the area of the ancestral species. "Convergent" is a type of evolution where two different species adapt similar phenotypes.

The correct answer is "sympatric." Speciation often occurs after a group of individuals becomes geographically isolated from its original population, as occurs in allopatric and peripatric specition. In parapatric speciation, there is a very small overlap in the area of the diverging population during and after speciation. In sympatric speciation, a new species evolves without the individuals ever leaving the area of the ancestral species. "Convergent" is a type of evolution where two different species adapt similar phenotypes.