Electricity and Magnetism - Physics

Charge by induction happens when a charged object is brought in the vicinity of a neutral object. The presents of the charged object will cause the free charges in the neutral object to shift such that the neutral object becomes polarized. When the charged object is positive, this will induce a negative charge on a neutral object.

When an object acquires a positive charge, it is losing electrons to its surroundings. If it is losing electrons, it is losing mass (although ever so slightly).

In Coulomb's law, an increase in both interacting charges will cause an increase in the magnitude of the electrical force between them. Specifically if the magnitude of both interacting charges is doubled, this will quadruple the electrical force.

In Coulomb’s Law, an increase in the distance will cause a decrease in the magnitude of the electrical force between them. Since this is an example of an inverse square law, doubling the distance will reduce the force by a factor of 4.

Electric forces can be attractive or repulsive because charges may be positive or negative. In the case for gravitational forces, there are only attractive forces because mass is always positive.

This question requires you to apply the right hand rule. Your thumb will point to the right, in the direction of the particle's velocity. For the negatively charged particle to feel an upward force, the back of your hand, not your palm as would be the case with a positively charged particle needs to be facing up. Extension of your fingers makes the magnetic field point out of the plane, toward you.

To begin we need to simplify the circuit to get the equivalent resistance. Let’s start with the 3 and 6 Ohm resistors in parallel.

Now we can add this resistor to the 4 Ohm resistor as they are in series.

We can now determine the current coming out of the battery using Ohm’s Law.

Rearrange to solve for current.

The current coming out of the battery will be the same current that moves through the 4 Ohm resistor. So we can determine the voltage drop across the 4 ohm resistor.

Kirchoff’s loop law states that the sum of the voltage around a loop must equal zero. In other words, the voltage that is being provided by the batteries in the circuit must equal the voltage being used by the objects in the circuit. Voltage is a measure of the potential difference, or energy within the circuit. In other words, the battery does a certain amount of work and provides energy to the circuit which is then used by all the parts of the circuit. Therefore this is an example of conservation of energy.

Kirchoff’s loop rules states the sum of the current going into and out of the junction must equal 0. In other words, the current going in must equal the current going on. Current is a measure of the flow of charge. Therefore, this law is conservation of charge as the number of electrons going into a junction must equal the number of electrons flowing out.

Current is defined as the amount of charge that passes through a specific area of a wire in a specific interval of time. It is measured in Amps which are Coulombs per second.

A series circuit has the same current running through each component, though the voltage across each component may vary. In contrast, a parallel circuit will carry a constant voltage in each branch and the current may be split in inequal amounts between branches.

Resistance and capacitance are dependent on the elements present in a given circuit, so no claims can be made. Power is similarly dependent on the elements present in a specific circuit.

In basic resistors, energy lost due to resistance is converted into heat. In some cases, other conversions also take place (such as generation of light in a lightbulb), but heat is still dissipated along with any alternative conversations. Lightbulbs, batteries, and other types of resistors will become hot as current passes through them.

Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. In order for an object to be considered neutral, it must have the same number of both positive and negative particles. Therefore it must have the same number of both protons and electrons.

Conductors allow the electrons to flow freely along it. That is why metal; is considered a good conductor. It allows the electrons to flow through it which is why it is used in wire in an an electric circuit.

Since the glass rod acquires a positive charge, this means that it is deficient in electrons. Since the rod was rubbed by the piece of silk, the silk is what now collects the electrons. The silk now has an excess of electrons which means that the silk is now negatively charged.

When the negatively charged rod is brought near one of the two spheres, the presents of the negative charge will induce a flow of charge in the spheres such that regions farthest away from the charged rod will become most negative and regions near the rod will become most positive. This is called charge by induction.

The charge of a single electron is

We can then convert the amount of charge to determine the number of electrons.

Since a gold atom has balanced protons and electrons, the net charge on the atom is .

By convention, electric fields point away from positive charges and toward negative charges. Since the field is created by a positive point charge, the electric field will point away from the positive charge.

Negative and positive charges attract one another. Therefore the force on the negative charge is toward the positive charge. This is in the opposite direction as the field.

First, we need to determine how many additional electrons are on the comb due to the of charge.

Now that we know the number of electrons, we can determine the mass of these additional electrons.