Ethics, Processing, and Care - NCLEX-PN

Card 0 of 1728

Question

At what age does an infant learn object permanence?

Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that an object still exists even when it can not be seen, heard, or touched. It is often tested by placing an object on a surface, then covering that object and allowing the infant to attempt to uncover it, thus demonstrating a knowledge that the object remains present though it is hidden.

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Question

At what age does an infant develop the grasping response?

Answer

The grasping reflex is the earliest reflex developed by the infant. It is often present at birth: the infant will grasp at objects such as a finger placed into their open palm.

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Question

At what age will an infant develop an inferior pincer grasp?

Answer

The inferior pincer grasp is the ability to pick up small objects such as by resting the forearm on a surface and pinching using the sides of the thumb and the index finger. It is an important milestone in the development of fine motor skills.

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Question

A nurse is performing standard cardiac auscultation on a 47 year old male with normal heart size.

The nurse pauses to listen at the fifth intercostal space on the left mid-clavicular line. The nurse is evaluating which of the following?

Answer

The fifth intercostal space on the left mid-clavicular line is the best location from which to evaluate the mitral valve. The other heart structures are paired with locations as follows:

  • Aortic valve: the second intercostal space right of the sternum
  • Pulmonic valve: the second intercostal space left of the sternum
  • Tricuspid valve: the fourth intercostal space left of the sternum

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Question

The pulse of your patient is 120 beats per minute. What is the appropriate term for this finding?

Answer

Tachycardia is the term used to describe a faster than normal heart rate. A heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute is considered tachycardic. Bradycardia is used to describe a slower than normal heart rate. Less than 60 beats per minute is considered bradycardia.

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Question

Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or guilt, insomnia, difficulty coping with normal life activities, social avoidance, and anxiety after giving birth are all signs of what?

Answer

Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or guilt, insomnia, difficulty coping with normal life activities, social avoidance, and anxiety after giving birth are all signs of postpartum depression, a condition that affects as many as four out of five people after giving birth. Postpartum psychosis is a much more serious condition, involving delusions, extreme mood swings, and risk of self harm.

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Question

What is the cause of postpartum depression?

Answer

While vitamin deficiencies, lack of sleep, and social stresses can all contribute to depressed mood after giving birth, the primary cause of postpartum depression is an extreme drop in hormones (primarily estrogen and progesterone) that occurs after delivery of the placenta.

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Question

At what time after birth is the APGAR score calculated?

Answer

The APGAR score is calculated one minute after birth, and then again at five minutes after birth. It is common for infants to be born with depressed respiration, cyanosis, and other physical signs of struggle that are quickly resolved within five minutes after birth. If signs of respiratory or cardiovascular distress do not improve by this time, however, emergency intervention may be required.

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Question

At what time does molding (the elongation of the baby's head as it passes through the birth canal) resolve in a newborn?

Answer

Molding, or the elongation of the infants head during labor and delivery, is a normal adaptation allowing the relatively large skull to traverse the narrow space of the birth canal. It generally resolves in 1-5 days.

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Question

The physician on call pages you to ask if the patient you are taking care of is afebrile. Which of the following vital signs would you find in an afebrile patient?

Answer

Afebrile is a term used to describe a patient who does not have a fever. Clinically, a fever is defined as a temperature greater than 100.4 Fahrenheit. Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate do not tell you if the patient has a fever.

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Question

A patient is seeking an herbal solution that produces an effect similar to estrogen. What herb should the nurse suggest the patient investigate?

Answer

Black cohosh produces effects similar to those of estrogen.

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Question

The patient is curious about behavior therapy, and asks the nurse. The nurse would best describe behavior therapy as:

Answer

Behavior therapy is a therapy that achieves results through conditioning. The therapy aims to reinforce desired behaviors and eliminated undesired behaviors.

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Question

A patient is seeking an herbal solution that improves microcirculation in the eyes. What herb should the nurse suggest the patient investigate?

Answer

Bilberry improves microcirculation in the eyes.

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Question

Which is the most common homeopathic remedy for any kind of blunt trauma followed by a state of dullness and shock?

Answer

Arnica, a herbaceous plant, is the remedy most often used for states of shock after an injury, during which the injured person may refuse medical help due to fear of further injury. Pulsatilla is a plant that may be used for pain in the reproductive organs, restlessness, and other ailments. Nux vomica seeds may be used for gastrointestinal discomfort, anemia and erectile dysfunction. Cimicifuga is a plant that may be used to alleviate neurological disorders.

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Question

Which of the following herbs aids in wound healing when applied topically?

Answer

Calendula flower contains faradiol and the faradiol monoester, powerful anti-inflammatory and antiedematous triterpenoids, which have shown effects comparable to indomethacin. Yellow dock is as a laxative. Red raspberry leaf is a vasodilator, and may exacerbate inflammation. Hawthorne berry can be used to ameliorate symptoms of congestive heart failure.

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Question

Which of the following herb has been used effectively to decrease both candida overgrowth (thrush, vaginitis, and dysbiosis) and Epstein-Barr virus infection?

Answer

Berberine has been used alone and in conjunction with fluconazole to successfully treat fluconazole-resistant candida infections. It has also been shown to have an inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr DNA replication. Red yeast rice may be used to lower cholesterol. G_lycyrrhiza glabra_ can be used to decrease inflammation, and cough, and to promote ulcer-healing. Milk thistle is used as a remedy for hepatic disorders.

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Question

Which is the most common homeopathic remedy for acute gastroenteritis (food poisoning)?

Answer

Arsenicum album is the most common remedy given for acute gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea, especially when diarrhea and vomiting happen simultaneously, diarrhea is in small amounts constantly throughout the day, and the affected person is experiencing chilliness and marked tenderness in the abdomen. Graphites are most commonly used to treat skin disorders. Platinum is used to treat a range of psychological and physiological aspects of women's health. Belladonna may be used as a pain reliever, and and anti-inflammatory remedy.

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Question

Which is the most common homeopathic remedy for acute otitis media which starts suddenly, where the tympanic membrane is hot and bright red and the child is restless and anxious?

Answer

Belladonna is the most frequently given remedy when otitis media is sudden onset, bright red and hot, and the child is restless and may be confused, anxious, or frightened. Pulsatilla is used to treat reproductive pain in both men and women, and for migraines. Natrum muriaticum is more effective as a remedy for chronic, not acute, disorders. Sulphur is most effectively used on the skin and eyes to treat irritation.

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Question

Which of the following herbs contains a compound similar to lovastatin?

Answer

Red yeast rice contains monacolins, which block the production of cholesterol. Monacolin K has the same structure as lovastatin and functions similarly to reduce cholesterol. Nettle is best used as a painkiller, and to treat disorders of the excretory system. Kava is a sedative and anesthetic, and may also be used to treat social anxiety. Lavender has a calming effect, and is effective in inducing sleep.

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Question

Which is the most common homeopathic remedy for mild otitis media in a child that is weepy, clingy, and refuses fluids?

Answer

Pulsatilla is most often given for otitis media when the child is clingy, weepy, refuses fluids, and wants to be held or carried. They may be hot or sensitive to heat and desire fresh air. Belladonna may be used as a pain reliever, and and anti-inflammatory remedy. Arsenicum album is commonly used to treat anxiety and gastrointestinal inflammation. Sepia is most often used to treat female reproductive-related ailments.

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