Other Cognition Principles

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MCAT Social and Behavioral Sciences › Other Cognition Principles

Questions 1 - 2

A correlation coefficient of is the amount of the variance in the dependent variable unexplained by the levels of the independent variable alleged to produce the effect under study. A correlation coefficient of 0.3 leaves what percent of the variance in the dependent variable unexplained by the independent variable?

Explanation

If the correlation coefficient is 0.3, then the proportion of variance explained by the independent variable is 9 percent.

In other words, the correlation coefficient is denoted as follows:

The explained variance is found using the following formula:

$R^2=0.3 \times 0.3$

Thus, 81% of the variance remains unexplained by variations in the independent variable.

$\textup{Unexplained Variance}=100%-R^2$

$\textup{Unexplained Variance}=100%-9%$

$\textup{Unexplained Variance}=91%$

Which of the following lobes of the brain is involved in executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought?

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Explanation

While all lobes of the brain directly influence each other and intercommunicate, the "frontal lobe" is the area of the brain most directly involved in executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought.

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