Globalization and Transnational Processes (9B) - MCAT Psychological and Social Foundations

Money sent by migrants to individuals or households in their home country. Major source of income for many developing countries.

A condition that drives people to leave their origin country or region. Examples: war, poverty, persecution, or lack of opportunities.

A condition that attracts people to a destination country or region. Examples: jobs, safety, education, or political freedom.

Emigration of highly educated or skilled workers from a country. Depletes human capital and hinders development in origin countries.

Increase in skilled human capital via immigration or return migration. Benefits receiving countries through enhanced workforce expertise.

Shift from infectious disease mortality to chronic disease mortality. Reflects improved sanitation, nutrition, and healthcare access.

An epidemic spread across multiple countries or continents. Requires coordinated international public health responses.

Globalization-driven disease diffusion (transnational transmission). Shows how interconnectedness facilitates rapid disease spread.

Glocalization. Demonstrates adaptation of global products to local contexts.

Brain drain. Illustrates skilled worker migration driven by economic disparities.

Relocating work abroad; outsourcing is contracting, not necessarily abroad. Offshoring moves operations; outsourcing uses third parties.

Contracting work to an external organization, often in another country. Reduces costs by utilizing external expertise or cheaper labor.

A firm operating in multiple countries with integrated management. Examples include McDonald's, Coca-Cola, and Toyota.

Adapting global products or ideas to fit local culture and preferences. Blends global and local elements (global + localization).

Imposition of one culture’s values and practices on another culture. Often occurs through media, economic power, or political influence.

Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture. Often leads to biased or unfair cross-cultural assessments.

Evaluating a culture using that culture’s own standards and context. Avoids bias by understanding practices within their cultural framework.

Spread of cultural beliefs and practices from one group to another. Can occur through trade, media, migration, or direct contact.

A social, economic, or political process operating across national borders. Transcends national boundaries in its scope and impact.

Increasing worldwide integration of economies, cultures, and populations. Encompasses economic, cultural, and demographic interconnectedness.

Urbanization. Global economic shifts create job opportunities drawing rural populations.

Dispersed population maintaining ties to a shared homeland. Members often maintain dual identities and transnational connections.

Cultural convergence (homogenization). Results in loss of cultural diversity as societies become more alike.

Global products or ideas adapted to local cultures. Combines globalization with localization for culturally-specific adaptations.

Judging practices within their cultural context, not by one’s own norms. Avoids ethnocentrism by understanding practices in their own context.

Dominant culture displaces local cultures via power and media. Often associated with Western/American cultural dominance globally.

Periphery. Exploited nations providing cheap labor and natural resources to core.

Core. Dominant nations with advanced technology and capital accumulation.

Core, semi-periphery, and periphery. Wallerstein's model categorizes nations by economic power and exploitation.