All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the epidemiologic transition associated with globalization and development?
Answer: Shift from infectious disease to chronic, degenerative disease burden. Modernization changes primary causes of death over time.
Flashcard 2: What is a remittance in the context of international migration?
Answer: Money sent by migrants to individuals or households in their home country. Major source of income for many developing countries.
Flashcard 3: What is a push factor in migration?
Answer: A condition that drives people to leave their origin country or region. Examples: war, poverty, persecution, or lack of opportunities.
Flashcard 4: What is a pull factor in migration?
Answer: A condition that attracts people to a destination country or region. Examples: jobs, safety, education, or political freedom.
Flashcard 5: What is brain drain in global migration and development?
Answer: Emigration of highly educated or skilled workers from a country. Depletes human capital and hinders development in origin countries.
Flashcard 6: What is brain gain in the context of transnational migration?
Answer: Increase in skilled human capital via immigration or return migration. Benefits receiving countries through enhanced workforce expertise.
Flashcard 7: What is the epidemiologic transition associated with modernization?
Answer: Shift from infectious disease mortality to chronic disease mortality. Reflects improved sanitation, nutrition, and healthcare access.
Flashcard 8: What is a pandemic as used in global health and globalization?
Answer: An epidemic spread across multiple countries or continents. Requires coordinated international public health responses.
Flashcard 9: Identify the concept: a disease spreads via international air travel networks.
Answer: Globalization-driven disease diffusion (transnational transmission). Shows how interconnectedness facilitates rapid disease spread.
Flashcard 10: Which concept best fits: a fast-food chain changes its menu for local tastes?
Answer: Glocalization. Demonstrates adaptation of global products to local contexts.
Flashcard 11: Which concept best fits: a country loses physicians to higher-paying nations?
Answer: Brain drain. Illustrates skilled worker migration driven by economic disparities.
Flashcard 12: What is offshoring, and how does it differ from outsourcing?
Answer: Relocating work abroad; outsourcing is contracting, not necessarily abroad. Offshoring moves operations; outsourcing uses third parties.
Flashcard 13: What is outsourcing in the global economy?
Answer: Contracting work to an external organization, often in another country. Reduces costs by utilizing external expertise or cheaper labor.
Flashcard 14: What is a multinational corporation (MNC)?
Answer: A firm operating in multiple countries with integrated management. Examples include McDonald's, Coca-Cola, and Toyota.
Flashcard 15: What is glocalization as a response to globalization?
Answer: Adapting global products or ideas to fit local culture and preferences. Blends global and local elements (global + localization).
Flashcard 16: What is cultural imperialism in the context of globalization?
Answer: Imposition of one culture’s values and practices on another culture. Often occurs through media, economic power, or political influence.
Flashcard 17: What is ethnocentrism in cross-cultural or global health evaluation?
Answer: Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture. Often leads to biased or unfair cross-cultural assessments.
Flashcard 18: What is cultural relativism when analyzing global cultural practices?
Answer: Evaluating a culture using that culture’s own standards and context. Avoids bias by understanding practices within their cultural framework.
Flashcard 19: What is cultural diffusion in the context of globalization?
Answer: Spread of cultural beliefs and practices from one group to another. Can occur through trade, media, migration, or direct contact.
Flashcard 20: What is a transnational process as used in discussions of globalization?
Answer: A social, economic, or political process operating across national borders. Transcends national boundaries in its scope and impact.
Flashcard 21: What is globalization in the context of MCAT sociology and public health?
Answer: Increasing worldwide integration of economies, cultures, and populations. Encompasses economic, cultural, and demographic interconnectedness.
Flashcard 22: Identify the term for movement from rural areas to cities, often accelerated by global industry.
Answer: Urbanization. Global economic shifts create job opportunities drawing rural populations.
Flashcard 23: What is a diaspora in the context of migration and transnationalism?
Answer: Dispersed population maintaining ties to a shared homeland. Members often maintain dual identities and transnational connections.
Flashcard 24: What term describes increasing similarity of cultures due to global flows and media?
Answer: Cultural convergence (homogenization). Results in loss of cultural diversity as societies become more alike.
Flashcard 25: What is glocalization in analyses of global culture?
Answer: Global products or ideas adapted to local cultures. Combines globalization with localization for culturally-specific adaptations.
Flashcard 26: What is cultural relativism as it applies to evaluating global cultural practices?
Answer: Judging practices within their cultural context, not by one’s own norms. Avoids ethnocentrism by understanding practices in their own context.
Flashcard 27: What is cultural imperialism as a globalization concept?
Answer: Dominant culture displaces local cultures via power and media. Often associated with Western/American cultural dominance globally.
Flashcard 28: Which world-systems category is often characterized by low wages and raw material extraction?
Answer: Periphery. Exploited nations providing cheap labor and natural resources to core.
Flashcard 29: Which world-systems category typically has high wages and high-skill production?
Answer: Core. Dominant nations with advanced technology and capital accumulation.
Flashcard 30: What is world-systems theory’s three-part division of the global economy?
Answer: Core, semi-periphery, and periphery. Wallerstein's model categorizes nations by economic power and exploitation.