All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is cultural separation as an acculturation strategy?
Answer: Maintaining heritage culture while avoiding the dominant culture. Rejects dominant culture to preserve original identity.
Flashcard 2: What is cultural marginalization as an acculturation strategy?
Answer: Low identification with both heritage and dominant cultures. Results in cultural isolation and identity confusion.
Flashcard 3: What is acculturation in cultural psychology and sociology?
Answer: Cultural change from sustained contact between groups. Occurs when different cultural groups interact over time.
Flashcard 4: What is enculturation, and how does it differ from acculturation?
Answer: Learning one’s native culture; not change from intercultural contact. Happens during childhood within one's own cultural group.
Flashcard 5: Which term best fits: a society supports multiple cultural traditions without requiring blending?
Answer: Multiculturalism ("salad bowl" model). Preserves distinct cultures without forced blending.
Flashcard 6: Identify the acculturation strategy: a person feels disconnected from both heritage and host cultures.
Answer: Marginalization. Loses connection to both cultural identities.
Flashcard 7: Identify the acculturation strategy: a person avoids host culture and emphasizes heritage culture.
Answer: Separation. Maintains heritage while rejecting mainstream.
Flashcard 8: Identify the acculturation strategy: a person rejects heritage culture and fully adopts host culture.
Answer: Assimilation. Complete adoption of new culture, abandoning old.
Flashcard 9: Identify the acculturation strategy: a person keeps heritage customs and adopts host norms.
Answer: Integration (biculturalism). Maintains both cultural identities equally.
Flashcard 10: What is the distinction between cultural diffusion and cultural appropriation?
Answer: Diffusion is neutral spread; appropriation is adoption with power imbalance. Appropriation exploits marginalized cultures.
Flashcard 11: What is forced assimilation?
Answer: Assimilation imposed by policy or coercion rather than choice. Often targets indigenous or minority populations.
Flashcard 12: What is multiculturalism as a societal approach to cultural diversity?
Answer: Coexistence and valuing of multiple cultures within one society. Promotes cultural diversity as societal strength.
Flashcard 13: What is the "melting pot" model of cultural diversity?
Answer: Groups blend into a shared culture; distinctiveness decreases. Creates homogeneous culture through blending.
Flashcard 14: What is the "salad bowl" model of cultural diversity?
Answer: Groups coexist while retaining distinct cultural identities. Maintains diversity like ingredients in a salad.
Flashcard 15: What is cultural diffusion?
Answer: Spread of cultural traits (ideas, norms, practices) between groups. Occurs through migration, trade, media, and contact.
Flashcard 16: What is the difference between assimilation and acculturation?
Answer: Assimilation implies loss of heritage culture; acculturation is broader. Acculturation includes all adaptation strategies.
Flashcard 17: What is cultural assimilation in the context of immigration and minority groups?
Answer: Adoption of dominant culture with reduced distinct original culture. Process where minorities lose original identity to fit mainstream society.
Flashcard 18: What is cultural integration (biculturalism) as an acculturation strategy?
Answer: Maintaining heritage culture while participating in the dominant culture. Balances both cultures without losing either identity.
Flashcard 19: What is the "melting pot" model of cultural incorporation most closely associated with?
Answer: Assimilation into a shared, blended mainstream culture. Metaphor for cultures blending into one homogeneous mix.
Flashcard 20: What is the "salad bowl" model of cultural incorporation most closely associated with?
Answer: Multiculturalism with distinct cultural identities maintained. Metaphor for cultures coexisting while keeping unique traits.
Flashcard 21: What is enculturation in cultural learning and development?
Answer: Learning one’s native culture through socialization. Process of acquiring one's own culture from birth.
Flashcard 22: What is the key distinction between assimilation and acculturation?
Answer: Assimilation implies loss of distinct culture; acculturation implies exchange/adaptation. Assimilation replaces culture; acculturation adds to it.
Flashcard 23: What is cultural assimilation in the context of immigration and minority–majority relations?
Answer: Adopting the dominant culture and reducing distinct minority practices. Process where minorities abandon their culture for the majority's.
Flashcard 24: What is multiculturalism as an approach to cultural diversity within a society?
Answer: Coexistence of multiple cultures with maintenance of distinct identities. Promotes cultural diversity while ensuring equal participation.
Flashcard 25: What is cultural diffusion in sociology and anthropology?
Answer: Spread of cultural traits from one group or society to another. Cultural elements transfer through contact, trade, or migration.
Flashcard 26: What is integration as an acculturation strategy for an individual in a new culture?
Answer: Maintaining heritage culture while participating in the dominant culture. Balances heritage preservation with mainstream engagement.
Flashcard 27: What is stimulus diffusion in cultural diffusion theory?
Answer: Adoption of an underlying idea without adopting the exact original form. Core concept inspires local variations, not exact copies.
Flashcard 28: What is separation as an acculturation strategy for an individual in a new culture?
Answer: Maintaining heritage culture while avoiding the dominant culture. Preserves original culture by limiting mainstream contact.
Flashcard 29: What is marginalization as an acculturation outcome for a minority group member?
Answer: Low involvement in both heritage culture and dominant culture. Results from rejection by both cultural groups.
Flashcard 30: What is syncretism in cultural diffusion?
Answer: Blending elements of different cultures into a new, hybrid form. Syncretism results from cultural diffusion where elements from multiple cultures merge, forming innovative hybrid practices or beliefs unique to the blending context.