All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the difference between a closed-ended and open-ended question?
Answer: Closed-ended limits responses; open-ended invites elaboration. Closed gets yes/no; open encourages detailed responses.
Flashcard 2: What is the fundamental attribution error in interpreting others’ behavior?
Answer: Overattributing behavior to traits and underattributing to situation. We blame personality over circumstances for others' actions.
Flashcard 3: What is active listening?
Answer: Attending and reflecting to confirm understanding (paraphrase, clarify). Shows engagement through feedback and verification techniques.
Flashcard 4: What is the difference between denotation and connotation?
Answer: Denotation is literal meaning; connotation is implied/emotional meaning. Dictionary definition vs. cultural/emotional associations.
Flashcard 5: What is metacommunication?
Answer: Communication about how to interpret messages (often nonverbal). Context cues that frame how to interpret the main message.
Flashcard 6: Which concept explains how expectations can shape another person’s behavior?
Answer: Self-fulfilling prophecy. Expectations influence behavior, creating their own reality.
Flashcard 7: Identify the most likely interpretation when verbal content conflicts with facial affect.
Answer: Nonverbal cues are typically weighted more heavily than words. People trust body language over words when they contradict.
Flashcard 8: Which option best describes the function of a backchannel cue like “mm-hmm”?
Answer: Regulator that signals attention and encourages the speaker to continue. Minimal responses that maintain conversation flow.
Flashcard 9: What is proxemics in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Use of interpersonal distance and space to convey meaning. Physical distance communicates intimacy, dominance, or cultural norms.
Flashcard 10: What is kinesics in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Body movements (posture, gestures, facial expressions) as signals. Body language conveys emotions and attitudes nonverbally.
Flashcard 11: What are adaptors in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Often unconscious self-touching/movements linked to arousal or stress. These behaviors reveal anxiety or discomfort unconsciously.
Flashcard 12: Identify the term for adjusting speech style to match a conversation partner.
Answer: Communication accommodation (convergence). Speakers adapt style to build rapport or show solidarity.
Flashcard 13: What are regulators in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Cues that manage conversational flow (nodding, turn-taking signals). These behaviors coordinate smooth conversational exchanges.
Flashcard 14: What is paralanguage (vocalics) in communication?
Answer: Vocal cues beyond words (tone, pitch, volume, rate, pauses). How something is said often matters more than what is said.
Flashcard 15: What is haptics in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Communication through touch (type, duration, intensity). Touch conveys emotions, relationships, and cultural meanings.
Flashcard 16: What is chronemics in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Use and interpretation of time (punctuality, pacing, waiting). Time usage reflects cultural values and relationship dynamics.
Flashcard 17: What is the difference between a gesture and an emblem in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Emblem has a specific verbal translation; gesture may not. Emblems like thumbs-up have direct word equivalents.
Flashcard 18: Identify the term: a speaker pauses longer than usual before answering a sensitive question.
Answer: Chronemics (response latency as a time cue). Extended pauses communicate hesitation or discomfort.
Flashcard 19: Which option best describes a regulator cue during conversation: nodding, leaning forward, or smiling?
Answer: Nodding. Regulators control conversational flow and turn-taking.
Flashcard 20: What is the Duchenne smile, and what does it typically signal?
Answer: Genuine smile with eye crinkling; typically signals true enjoyment. Involves both mouth corners raised and orbicularis oculi contraction.
Flashcard 21: What is haptics in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Communication through touch. Physical contact conveys emotions and relationships.
Flashcard 22: What is proxemics in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Use and interpretation of interpersonal space. Distance between people conveys relationship and comfort levels.
Flashcard 23: What is kinesics in nonverbal communication?
Answer: Body movement cues (gestures, posture, facial expressions). Studies how body movements communicate meaning.
Flashcard 24: What is paralanguage (paralinguistics) in spoken communication?
Answer: Vocal features other than words (tone, pitch, volume, rate). These vocal qualities modify meaning beyond word choice.
Flashcard 25: What is the definition of nonverbal communication in interpersonal interactions?
Answer: Communication conveyed without words (e.g., cues, behaviors, signals). Encompasses all non-linguistic channels of human interaction.
Flashcard 26: What is the definition of verbal communication in a social interaction context?
Answer: Communication conveyed through spoken or written words. Includes all linguistic elements that convey meaning through language.
Flashcard 27: Identify the concept: words say “I am fine,” but tone and slumped posture suggest distress.
Answer: Mixed messages (incongruent verbal and nonverbal cues). Verbal content contradicts nonverbal signals.
Flashcard 28: What is the definition of the fundamental attribution error?
Answer: Overattributing others’ behavior to traits and underweighting situation. We tend to ignore situational factors when judging others.
Flashcard 29: What are display rules in the context of emotional expression?
Answer: Culture-specific norms for when and how emotions are expressed. These learned rules vary by culture and context.
Flashcard 30: What is the primary claim of the universality hypothesis for basic emotions?
Answer: Basic emotions have facial expressions recognized across cultures. Ekman identified six universal facial expressions.