Stereotype Threat and Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (8B) - MCAT Psychological and Social Foundations
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What is the Golem effect in expectancy research?
What is the Golem effect in expectancy research?
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Lowered expectations leading to decreased performance. Opposite of Pygmalion effect; negative expectations harm performance.
Lowered expectations leading to decreased performance. Opposite of Pygmalion effect; negative expectations harm performance.
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What is stereotype lift (sometimes called stereotype boost) for members of non-stereotyped groups?
What is stereotype lift (sometimes called stereotype boost) for members of non-stereotyped groups?
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Improved performance when a negative outgroup stereotype is salient. Comparison with stereotyped outgroups boosts confidence and performance.
Improved performance when a negative outgroup stereotype is salient. Comparison with stereotyped outgroups boosts confidence and performance.
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Which concept best fits: a teacher expects low ability, treats a student differently, and the student later performs poorly?
Which concept best fits: a teacher expects low ability, treats a student differently, and the student later performs poorly?
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Self-fulfilling prophecy. Teacher's expectations shape behavior toward student, creating the predicted outcome.
Self-fulfilling prophecy. Teacher's expectations shape behavior toward student, creating the predicted outcome.
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Identify the key cognitive mechanism by which stereotype threat can reduce test performance.
Identify the key cognitive mechanism by which stereotype threat can reduce test performance.
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Working memory depletion due to stress, monitoring, and intrusive thoughts. Cognitive resources are consumed by anxiety and self-monitoring instead of task focus.
Working memory depletion due to stress, monitoring, and intrusive thoughts. Cognitive resources are consumed by anxiety and self-monitoring instead of task focus.
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What situational condition must be present for stereotype threat to occur most strongly?
What situational condition must be present for stereotype threat to occur most strongly?
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A relevant negative stereotype and a high-stakes evaluative context. Threat emerges when stereotypes are relevant and performance matters significantly.
A relevant negative stereotype and a high-stakes evaluative context. Threat emerges when stereotypes are relevant and performance matters significantly.
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Which option best indicates stereotype threat is activated: a task described as "diagnostic of ability" or "a non-diagnostic exercise"?
Which option best indicates stereotype threat is activated: a task described as "diagnostic of ability" or "a non-diagnostic exercise"?
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A task described as diagnostic of ability. Diagnostic framing activates concern about confirming stereotypes.
A task described as diagnostic of ability. Diagnostic framing activates concern about confirming stereotypes.
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What is the typical emotional/physiological response pattern linked to stereotype threat during evaluation?
What is the typical emotional/physiological response pattern linked to stereotype threat during evaluation?
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Increased anxiety and physiological arousal during the task. Threat activates stress response, impairing cognitive performance through arousal.
Increased anxiety and physiological arousal during the task. Threat activates stress response, impairing cognitive performance through arousal.
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What is stereotype threat in the context of performance on evaluative tasks?
What is stereotype threat in the context of performance on evaluative tasks?
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Performance impairment from fear of confirming a negative group stereotype. Occurs when awareness of negative stereotypes creates anxiety that hinders performance.
Performance impairment from fear of confirming a negative group stereotype. Occurs when awareness of negative stereotypes creates anxiety that hinders performance.
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Identify the classic name for expectancy effects in classrooms that can produce self-fulfilling prophecies.
Identify the classic name for expectancy effects in classrooms that can produce self-fulfilling prophecies.
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Pygmalion effect. Named after the mythical sculptor whose expectations transformed his creation.
Pygmalion effect. Named after the mythical sculptor whose expectations transformed his creation.
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What is stereotype reactance as a response to stereotype threat?
What is stereotype reactance as a response to stereotype threat?
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Improved performance driven by motivation to disconfirm the stereotype. Some individuals respond to threat with increased effort to disprove stereotypes.
Improved performance driven by motivation to disconfirm the stereotype. Some individuals respond to threat with increased effort to disprove stereotypes.
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What is a self-fulfilling prophecy in social psychology?
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy in social psychology?
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A belief that elicits behaviors that make the belief come true. The belief creates expectations that influence behavior, making the belief reality.
A belief that elicits behaviors that make the belief come true. The belief creates expectations that influence behavior, making the belief reality.
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Identify the most direct cue manipulation to reduce stereotype threat: emphasize group differences or emphasize task fairness and equal ability.
Identify the most direct cue manipulation to reduce stereotype threat: emphasize group differences or emphasize task fairness and equal ability.
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Emphasize task fairness and equal ability. Fairness framing reduces stereotype salience and associated threat.
Emphasize task fairness and equal ability. Fairness framing reduces stereotype salience and associated threat.
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What is values affirmation as a strategy relevant to reducing stereotype threat effects?
What is values affirmation as a strategy relevant to reducing stereotype threat effects?
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Brief writing that affirms personal values to buffer threat and stress. Strengthens self-integrity to protect against identity threats.
Brief writing that affirms personal values to buffer threat and stress. Strengthens self-integrity to protect against identity threats.
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What intervention most directly reduces stereotype threat by changing task framing?
What intervention most directly reduces stereotype threat by changing task framing?
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Presenting the test as non-diagnostic of innate ability. Removes evaluative pressure that activates stereotype concerns.
Presenting the test as non-diagnostic of innate ability. Removes evaluative pressure that activates stereotype concerns.
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Which concept requires an observer’s expectation shaping another person’s behavior: stereotype threat or self-fulfilling prophecy?
Which concept requires an observer’s expectation shaping another person’s behavior: stereotype threat or self-fulfilling prophecy?
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Self-fulfilling prophecy. Requires interpersonal dynamic where expectations influence target's behavior.
Self-fulfilling prophecy. Requires interpersonal dynamic where expectations influence target's behavior.
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Which concept is primarily intrapersonal during testing: stereotype threat or self-fulfilling prophecy?
Which concept is primarily intrapersonal during testing: stereotype threat or self-fulfilling prophecy?
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Stereotype threat. Individual's internal anxiety response without requiring interpersonal interaction.
Stereotype threat. Individual's internal anxiety response without requiring interpersonal interaction.
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Identify the term for the target of a self-fulfilling prophecy internalizing the expectation and acting accordingly.
Identify the term for the target of a self-fulfilling prophecy internalizing the expectation and acting accordingly.
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Internalization of expectations. Target adopts others' expectations as self-concept, fulfilling the prophecy.
Internalization of expectations. Target adopts others' expectations as self-concept, fulfilling the prophecy.
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Which component is essential to a self-fulfilling prophecy: an initial false belief, or only an initial true belief?
Which component is essential to a self-fulfilling prophecy: an initial false belief, or only an initial true belief?
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An initial false belief (that becomes true through behavior). Prophecy requires initial inaccuracy that becomes true through behavioral changes.
An initial false belief (that becomes true through behavior). Prophecy requires initial inaccuracy that becomes true through behavioral changes.
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Which concept describes performance changes caused by awareness of a group stereotype: stereotype threat or self-fulfilling prophecy?
Which concept describes performance changes caused by awareness of a group stereotype: stereotype threat or self-fulfilling prophecy?
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Stereotype threat. Awareness of stereotypes directly impacts performance without interpersonal dynamics.
Stereotype threat. Awareness of stereotypes directly impacts performance without interpersonal dynamics.
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Which sequence best matches a self-fulfilling prophecy: belief → behavior → outcome or outcome → belief → behavior?
Which sequence best matches a self-fulfilling prophecy: belief → behavior → outcome or outcome → belief → behavior?
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Belief → behavior → outcome. Expectations shape behaviors that produce confirming outcomes.
Belief → behavior → outcome. Expectations shape behaviors that produce confirming outcomes.
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What is stereotype threat in the context of performance on evaluative tasks?
What is stereotype threat in the context of performance on evaluative tasks?
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Performance impairment from fear of confirming a negative group stereotype. Anxiety about confirming stereotypes impairs cognitive resources.
Performance impairment from fear of confirming a negative group stereotype. Anxiety about confirming stereotypes impairs cognitive resources.
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Which intervention reduces stereotype threat by attributing stress to normal arousal that can help performance?
Which intervention reduces stereotype threat by attributing stress to normal arousal that can help performance?
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Reappraisal of arousal (stress-as-enhancing) instruction. Reframes physiological arousal as performance-enhancing.
Reappraisal of arousal (stress-as-enhancing) instruction. Reframes physiological arousal as performance-enhancing.
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Identify the concept: A teacher labels a child as "gifted," provides more attention, and scores rise.
Identify the concept: A teacher labels a child as "gifted," provides more attention, and scores rise.
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Pygmalion (Rosenthal) effect. Positive expectations create supportive environments.
Pygmalion (Rosenthal) effect. Positive expectations create supportive environments.
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Identify the mediator: Under stereotype threat, test-takers show intrusive thoughts and reduced capacity.
Identify the mediator: Under stereotype threat, test-takers show intrusive thoughts and reduced capacity.
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Working memory depletion. Intrusive thoughts consume cognitive resources needed for tests.
Working memory depletion. Intrusive thoughts consume cognitive resources needed for tests.
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Which option best distinguishes stereotype threat from discrimination: internal pressure or unequal treatment?
Which option best distinguishes stereotype threat from discrimination: internal pressure or unequal treatment?
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Stereotype threat = internal pressure; discrimination = unequal treatment. Threat is psychological; discrimination is behavioral.
Stereotype threat = internal pressure; discrimination = unequal treatment. Threat is psychological; discrimination is behavioral.
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Identify the concept: A woman is reminded of gender stereotypes before math testing and scores lower.
Identify the concept: A woman is reminded of gender stereotypes before math testing and scores lower.
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Stereotype threat. Gender salience activates math-anxiety stereotypes.
Stereotype threat. Gender salience activates math-anxiety stereotypes.
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Identify the concept: A supervisor expects low competence, gives less training, and performance declines.
Identify the concept: A supervisor expects low competence, gives less training, and performance declines.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy. Low expectations create conditions that confirm them.
Self-fulfilling prophecy. Low expectations create conditions that confirm them.
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What is the typical direction of performance change under stereotype threat for the stereotyped group?
What is the typical direction of performance change under stereotype threat for the stereotyped group?
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Performance decreases. Cognitive interference typically impairs test scores.
Performance decreases. Cognitive interference typically impairs test scores.
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Which intervention is designed to reduce stereotype threat by framing ability as improvable?
Which intervention is designed to reduce stereotype threat by framing ability as improvable?
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Growth mindset intervention. Emphasizes effort over fixed traits to reduce threat.
Growth mindset intervention. Emphasizes effort over fixed traits to reduce threat.
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Which experimental manipulation most directly increases stereotype threat before a test?
Which experimental manipulation most directly increases stereotype threat before a test?
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Making group identity salient (for example, asking for race or sex). Demographic questions activate stereotypic associations.
Making group identity salient (for example, asking for race or sex). Demographic questions activate stereotypic associations.
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