All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is negative punishment?
Answer: Removing a desirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. "Negative" means removing; loss of privileges weakens behavior.
Flashcard 2: Identify the schedule: reinforcement is delivered after a fixed amount of time.
Answer: Fixed-interval (FI) schedule. Time-based: first response after set time period gets reinforced.
Flashcard 3: What is a variable-interval (VI) reinforcement schedule?
Answer: Reinforcement for the first response after varying time intervals. Unpredictable timing produces slow, steady response rate.
Flashcard 4: What is shaping in operant conditioning?
Answer: Reinforcing successive approximations toward a target behavior. Gradually builds complex behaviors by rewarding small steps.
Flashcard 5: Identify whether this is reinforcement or punishment: A child gets candy for cleaning a room.
Answer: Positive reinforcement. Candy (pleasant) is added to increase cleaning behavior.
Flashcard 6: What is negative punishment in operant conditioning?
Answer: Removing a desired stimulus to decrease a behavior. "Negative" means removing; taking away privileges punishes.
Flashcard 7: What is positive punishment in operant conditioning?
Answer: Adding an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior. "Positive" means adding; punishment decreases behavior.
Flashcard 8: What is negative reinforcement in operant conditioning?
Answer: Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior. "Negative" means removing something unpleasant as a reward.
Flashcard 9: What is positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?
Answer: Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior. "Positive" means adding something pleasant as a reward.
Flashcard 10: Identify whether this is reinforcement or punishment: Seatbelt buzzer stops when buckled.
Answer: Negative reinforcement. Annoying buzzer removed increases buckling behavior.
Flashcard 11: Identify whether this is reinforcement or punishment: Phone privileges removed after curfew violation.
Answer: Negative punishment. Desired privilege removed decreases curfew violations.
Flashcard 12: What is shaping in operant conditioning?
Answer: Reinforcing successive approximations toward a target behavior. Gradually rewarding behaviors closer to the desired goal.
Flashcard 13: What is a primary reinforcer?
Answer: Inherently rewarding stimulus (e.g., food, water, warmth). Satisfies biological needs without prior learning.
Flashcard 14: What is a conditioned (secondary) reinforcer?
Answer: Learned reinforcer paired with a primary reinforcer (e.g., money). Gains value through association with primary reinforcers.
Flashcard 15: What is the Premack principle in operant conditioning?
Answer: High-probability behavior reinforces a low-probability behavior. "First eat vegetables, then dessert" uses preferred activities as rewards.
Flashcard 16: What is extinction in operant conditioning?
Answer: Decrease in behavior after reinforcement is withheld. Behavior stops when consequences no longer follow it.
Flashcard 17: What is a variable interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement?
Answer: First response after a variable time interval is reinforced. Like checking email; unpredictable timing maintains steady responding.
Flashcard 18: What is a fixed interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement?
Answer: First response after a fixed time interval is reinforced. Like checking mail at specific delivery times.
Flashcard 19: What is a variable ratio (VR) schedule of reinforcement?
Answer: Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses. Like slot machines; most resistant to extinction.
Flashcard 20: What is a fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement?
Answer: Reinforcement after a set number of responses. Like piece-rate pay; predictable reward after specific output.
Flashcard 21: What is a continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF)?
Answer: Reinforcement delivered after every occurrence of the behavior. Every correct response gets reinforced; fastest learning but quick extinction.
Flashcard 22: What is positive reinforcement?
Answer: Adding a stimulus to increase a behavior. "Positive" means adding; rewards strengthen the behavior.
Flashcard 23: What is a variable-interval (VI) reinforcement schedule?
Answer: Reinforcement for the first response after varying time intervals. Unpredictable timing produces steady, moderate responding.
Flashcard 24: Identify the schedule: checking email because messages arrive at unpredictable times after checking.
Answer: Variable-interval (VI) schedule. Messages arrive unpredictably after checking behavior.
Flashcard 25: What is positive punishment?
Answer: Adding a stimulus to decrease a behavior. "Positive" means adding; aversive consequences weaken behavior.
Flashcard 26: What is negative reinforcement?
Answer: Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior. "Negative" means removing; relief from discomfort strengthens behavior.
Flashcard 27: What is reinforcement in operant conditioning?
Answer: A consequence that increases the future frequency of a behavior. Strengthens behavior by making it more likely to occur again.
Flashcard 28: What is punishment in operant conditioning?
Answer: A consequence that decreases the future frequency of a behavior. Weakens behavior by making it less likely to occur again.
Flashcard 29: What is positive reinforcement?
Answer: Adding a stimulus to increase a behavior. Like giving praise or rewards to encourage behavior.
Flashcard 30: What is negative reinforcement?
Answer: Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior. Like stopping nagging when chores are done.