All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is compliance in social influence?
Answer: Publicly agreeing with a request without necessarily believing it. External behavior changes without internal attitude change.
Flashcard 2: Identify the concept: In a crowd, a person vandalizes property due to anonymity and arousal.
Answer: Deindividuation. Loss of self-awareness enables antisocial behavior.
Flashcard 3: Which type of conformity involves outward change without private acceptance?
Answer: Compliance. Person conforms publicly but maintains private beliefs.
Flashcard 4: Identify the concept: You change your answer because "everyone else chose it."
Answer: Normative social influence. Conforming for social approval, not accuracy.
Flashcard 5: What did Milgram's experiments primarily demonstrate about obedience?
Answer: Ordinary people may obey authority even when harming others. Revealed situational power over individual morality.
Flashcard 6: What is diffusion of responsibility?
Answer: Assuming others will act, so personal obligation to help decreases. Each bystander thinks someone else will intervene.
Flashcard 7: What is social facilitation?
Answer: Improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others. Arousal from audience enhances dominant responses.
Flashcard 8: What is identification in attitude change?
Answer: Adopting beliefs or behaviors to align with a valued person or group. Maintains relationship through shared attitudes/behaviors.
Flashcard 9: What is internalization in attitude change?
Answer: Private acceptance of a belief as truly correct. Deepest level of attitude change; becomes part of value system.
Flashcard 10: What is obedience in social psychology?
Answer: Following direct orders from an authority figure. Compliance specifically due to perceived legitimate power.
Flashcard 11: What is conformity in social psychology?
Answer: Changing behavior or beliefs to match group norms. Driven by desire to fit in or be accepted by the group.
Flashcard 12: Which influence is most likely when a task is ambiguous: normative or informational?
Answer: Informational social influence. Uncertainty makes people look to others for guidance.
Flashcard 13: In Asch-type settings, what happens to conformity when one ally dissents?
Answer: Conformity drops sharply. Breaking unanimity reduces pressure to conform.
Flashcard 14: What is social loafing?
Answer: Reduced individual effort when working in a group. Individual contributions seem less identifiable in groups.
Flashcard 15: Identify the concept: You copy others' actions in an emergency because you are unsure.
Answer: Informational social influence. Using others as information source in uncertainty.
Flashcard 16: What factor in Milgram's paradigm most reliably reduced obedience?
Answer: Greater distance from the authority and closer proximity to the victim. Physical separation weakens authority's influence.
Flashcard 17: In Asch's paradigm, what is the effect of having one dissenting ally?
Answer: Conformity drops substantially when at least one ally dissents. Breaking unanimity reduces normative pressure dramatically.
Flashcard 18: What did Asch's line studies primarily demonstrate about conformity?
Answer: People conform to an incorrect majority judgment under group pressure. Showed power of normative influence on perception tasks.
Flashcard 19: What is the bystander effect?
Answer: Decreased likelihood of helping as the number of bystanders increases. Responsibility dilutes across multiple observers.
Flashcard 20: What is deindividuation?
Answer: Loss of self-awareness and restraint in a group, often with anonymity. Group immersion reduces individual accountability.
Flashcard 21: What is groupthink?
Answer: Faulty group decision-making driven by pressure for consensus. Desire for harmony overrides critical thinking.
Flashcard 22: What is informational social influence?
Answer: Conforming because others are viewed as a source of correct information. Assumes others know better in ambiguous situations.
Flashcard 23: What is normative social influence?
Answer: Conforming to gain approval or avoid social rejection. Driven by need to belong rather than being right.
Flashcard 24: Which change typically increases obedience in Milgram-type situations: authority nearby or distant?
Answer: Authority nearby. Physical proximity enhances authority's influence.
Flashcard 25: Which factor increases conformity more: unanimous majority or nonunanimous majority?
Answer: Unanimous majority. Even one dissenter breaks the pressure to conform.
Flashcard 26: In Asch’s line studies, what did the presence of one dissenter reduce most?
Answer: Conformity to an incorrect majority. Breaking unanimity dramatically reduces conformity pressure.
Flashcard 27: What is public compliance (without private acceptance)?
Answer: Outward conformity while privately disagreeing. Creates dissonance between behavior and true beliefs.
Flashcard 28: Which option best describes diffusion of responsibility?
Answer: Perceived personal obligation to act decreases in a group. Each person assumes others will take action instead.
Flashcard 29: What is compliance as a form of social influence?
Answer: Publicly agreeing with a request without internal belief change. External conformity without genuine attitude change.
Flashcard 30: What is group polarization?
Answer: Group discussion strengthens the group’s initial average position. Groups shift toward more extreme versions of their initial views.