Ions in Solution - MCAT Physical
Card 0 of 70
All of the following are true regarding a solution except __________.
All of the following are true regarding a solution except __________.
Solutions can occur in all three phases of matter. They can also occur between two compounds in a single phase. For example, brass is a solution of two metals: zinc and copper.
Solutions can occur in all three phases of matter. They can also occur between two compounds in a single phase. For example, brass is a solution of two metals: zinc and copper.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the Vant Hoff factor of the molecule Li3PO4?
What is the Vant Hoff factor of the molecule Li3PO4?
The Vant Hoff factor indicates how many particles a solid produces when dissolved in solution. When Li3PO4dissolves in solution, there are three Li+ molecules and one molecule of PO4-3. The Vant Hoff factor is equal to the sum of molecules: 
.
The Vant Hoff factor indicates how many particles a solid produces when dissolved in solution. When Li3PO4dissolves in solution, there are three Li+ molecules and one molecule of PO4-3. The Vant Hoff factor is equal to the sum of molecules:
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following solutions is NOT a good electrolyte?
Which of the following solutions is NOT a good electrolyte?
Electrolyte solutions are formed when a compound creates ions once in solution. Carbon dioxide will not create ions in solution, so it is not a good electrolyte.
(This is the acid dissociation for acetic acid.)
Electrolyte solutions are formed when a compound creates ions once in solution. Carbon dioxide will not create ions in solution, so it is not a good electrolyte.
(This is the acid dissociation for acetic acid.)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
A U-shaped tube is filled with water and then split into two sections by a membrane at the lowest part of the tube. The membrane is permeable to water, but is impermeable to ions. 50g of salt are added to the left side of the tube and allowed to enter solution.
Which of the following would not result following the addition of salt?
A U-shaped tube is filled with water and then split into two sections by a membrane at the lowest part of the tube. The membrane is permeable to water, but is impermeable to ions. 50g of salt are added to the left side of the tube and allowed to enter solution.
Which of the following would not result following the addition of salt?
Osmotic pressure is defined as the tendency for water to diffuse into a solution via osmosis. Since the membrane is not permeable to ions, the salt ions are unable to cross the membrane and make the concentrations equal on both sides of the tube. Instead, water will flow to the side that has salt until the pressure in the tube with salt equals the forces of entropy. This will result in a higher level of water on the side of the tube with salt in it.
Osmotic pressure is defined as the tendency for water to diffuse into a solution via osmosis. Since the membrane is not permeable to ions, the salt ions are unable to cross the membrane and make the concentrations equal on both sides of the tube. Instead, water will flow to the side that has salt until the pressure in the tube with salt equals the forces of entropy. This will result in a higher level of water on the side of the tube with salt in it.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfite react in aqueous solution via the process:
Which of the following correctly expresses the net ionic equation for this reaction?
Hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfite react in aqueous solution via the process:
Which of the following correctly expresses the net ionic equation for this reaction?
Start by writing the total ionic equation, using the following steps.
1. Break all soluble strong electrolytes, denoted by "(aq)," into their ions, indicating the number and charge of each ion.
2. Bring along unchanged any compounds denoted as "(s)," "(l)," or "(g)."
Remove any ions appearing on both sides of the reaction (any "spectator" ions) to get the net ionic equation.
Spectator ions: 
Start by writing the total ionic equation, using the following steps.
1. Break all soluble strong electrolytes, denoted by "(aq)," into their ions, indicating the number and charge of each ion.
2. Bring along unchanged any compounds denoted as "(s)," "(l)," or "(g)."
Remove any ions appearing on both sides of the reaction (any "spectator" ions) to get the net ionic equation.
Spectator ions:
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The Haber-Bosch process, or simply the Haber process, is a common industrial reaction that generates ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas. A worker in a company generates ammonia from the Haber process. He then dissociates the gaseous ammonia in water to produce an aqueous solution. Since ammonia is a base, it will accept a proton from water, generating 
and ammonium ion products. The two reactions involved are:
The ammonium ion generated from the dissociation of ammonia is __________.
The Haber-Bosch process, or simply the Haber process, is a common industrial reaction that generates ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas. A worker in a company generates ammonia from the Haber process. He then dissociates the gaseous ammonia in water to produce an aqueous solution. Since ammonia is a base, it will accept a proton from water, generating
The ammonium ion generated from the dissociation of ammonia is __________.
Remember that there are two types of ions: cations and anions. Cations are produced when a atom of a molecule loses an electron. A neutral atom will contain no charge; however, when the atom loses an electron the atom becomes positively charged because it will contain more protons than electrons. In reaction 2, the nitrogen in ammonia loses an electron (because it shares the electron with the new hydrogen atom), which produces a positively charged ammonium ion. The ammonium ion is a cation because of this positive charge.
Anions are formed when an atom gains an electron, which makes the overall charge of an atom negative. The hydroxide ions from reaction 2 are anions.
Remember that there are two types of ions: cations and anions. Cations are produced when a atom of a molecule loses an electron. A neutral atom will contain no charge; however, when the atom loses an electron the atom becomes positively charged because it will contain more protons than electrons. In reaction 2, the nitrogen in ammonia loses an electron (because it shares the electron with the new hydrogen atom), which produces a positively charged ammonium ion. The ammonium ion is a cation because of this positive charge.
Anions are formed when an atom gains an electron, which makes the overall charge of an atom negative. The hydroxide ions from reaction 2 are anions.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Adding ammonia to a solution containing a copper hydroxide precipitate has the effect of dissolving the precipitate because __________.
Adding ammonia to a solution containing a copper hydroxide precipitate has the effect of dissolving the precipitate because __________.
The copper ion is able to form four covalent bonds. This can be explained with electron configurations.
The copper atom configuration: 
The copper ion configuration: 
The copper ion can accept electrons that fill empty 
and 
levels. In this example, the chemical equation is as follows:
The copper ion is able to form four covalent bonds. This can be explained with electron configurations.
The copper atom configuration:
The copper ion configuration:
The copper ion can accept electrons that fill empty
Compare your answer with the correct one above
and 
are alike in that __________.
Complex ions typically form when coordinate covalent bonds are formed between ligands, such as water or chloride, and metal ions that have lost electrons and have available orbitals. While one answer choice, "Both compounds are able to form coordinate covalent bonds with a metal ion," may seem correct, this happens within the compound. The compounds themselves are ions that will form ionic compounds.
Complex ions typically form when coordinate covalent bonds are formed between ligands, such as water or chloride, and metal ions that have lost electrons and have available orbitals. While one answer choice, "Both compounds are able to form coordinate covalent bonds with a metal ion," may seem correct, this happens within the compound. The compounds themselves are ions that will form ionic compounds.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which is an inaccurate depiction of the central iron atom in a hemoglobin molecule?
Which is an inaccurate depiction of the central iron atom in a hemoglobin molecule?
The central iron in hemoglobin is the middle of a complex compound and is involved in six covalent bonds (coordination number of 6). It is bonded to five nitrogen atoms, one of which is part of an amino acid in the globin protein. This leaves one remaining bond, which can be with water, oxygen, or carbon monoxide (which forms a very stable bond, making it toxic).
The central iron in hemoglobin is the middle of a complex compound and is involved in six covalent bonds (coordination number of 6). It is bonded to five nitrogen atoms, one of which is part of an amino acid in the globin protein. This leaves one remaining bond, which can be with water, oxygen, or carbon monoxide (which forms a very stable bond, making it toxic).
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Electrolytes play a big role in maintaining blood pressure. Loss of electrolytes often leads to a drop in blood pressure. What can a doctor prescribe to a patient who has very low blood pressure?
Electrolytes play a big role in maintaining blood pressure. Loss of electrolytes often leads to a drop in blood pressure. What can a doctor prescribe to a patient who has very low blood pressure?
The question states that the patient has a low blood pressure, suggesting that the patient has a low concentration of electrolytes in his blood. To counter this, the doctor must prescribe a solution that will increase the concentration of electrolytes in blood. The best solution would be to increase the consumption of salt, or sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is a strong electrolyte and will dissociate into sodium ions and chlorine ions. This will increase the blood pressure of the patient and will remedy the problem.
Spending an hour a day in a hot sauna will cause excessive sweating. Remember that salts are excreted through sweat; therefore, the electrolyte concentration, and the patient's blood pressure, will decrease further if the patient spends time in a sauna. Although lithium chloride is a strong electrolyte (like sodium chloride), the doctor will not prescribe lithium chloride because it is a toxic substance.
The question states that the patient has a low blood pressure, suggesting that the patient has a low concentration of electrolytes in his blood. To counter this, the doctor must prescribe a solution that will increase the concentration of electrolytes in blood. The best solution would be to increase the consumption of salt, or sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is a strong electrolyte and will dissociate into sodium ions and chlorine ions. This will increase the blood pressure of the patient and will remedy the problem.
Spending an hour a day in a hot sauna will cause excessive sweating. Remember that salts are excreted through sweat; therefore, the electrolyte concentration, and the patient's blood pressure, will decrease further if the patient spends time in a sauna. Although lithium chloride is a strong electrolyte (like sodium chloride), the doctor will not prescribe lithium chloride because it is a toxic substance.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
All of the following are true regarding a solution except __________.
All of the following are true regarding a solution except __________.
Solutions can occur in all three phases of matter. They can also occur between two compounds in a single phase. For example, brass is a solution of two metals: zinc and copper.
Solutions can occur in all three phases of matter. They can also occur between two compounds in a single phase. For example, brass is a solution of two metals: zinc and copper.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the Vant Hoff factor of the molecule Li3PO4?
What is the Vant Hoff factor of the molecule Li3PO4?
The Vant Hoff factor indicates how many particles a solid produces when dissolved in solution. When Li3PO4dissolves in solution, there are three Li+ molecules and one molecule of PO4-3. The Vant Hoff factor is equal to the sum of molecules: .
The Vant Hoff factor indicates how many particles a solid produces when dissolved in solution. When Li3PO4dissolves in solution, there are three Li+ molecules and one molecule of PO4-3. The Vant Hoff factor is equal to the sum of molecules:
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following solutions is NOT a good electrolyte?
Which of the following solutions is NOT a good electrolyte?
Electrolyte solutions are formed when a compound creates ions once in solution. Carbon dioxide will not create ions in solution, so it is not a good electrolyte.
(This is the acid dissociation for acetic acid.)
Electrolyte solutions are formed when a compound creates ions once in solution. Carbon dioxide will not create ions in solution, so it is not a good electrolyte.
(This is the acid dissociation for acetic acid.)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
A U-shaped tube is filled with water and then split into two sections by a membrane at the lowest part of the tube. The membrane is permeable to water, but is impermeable to ions. 50g of salt are added to the left side of the tube and allowed to enter solution.
Which of the following would not result following the addition of salt?
A U-shaped tube is filled with water and then split into two sections by a membrane at the lowest part of the tube. The membrane is permeable to water, but is impermeable to ions. 50g of salt are added to the left side of the tube and allowed to enter solution.
Which of the following would not result following the addition of salt?
Osmotic pressure is defined as the tendency for water to diffuse into a solution via osmosis. Since the membrane is not permeable to ions, the salt ions are unable to cross the membrane and make the concentrations equal on both sides of the tube. Instead, water will flow to the side that has salt until the pressure in the tube with salt equals the forces of entropy. This will result in a higher level of water on the side of the tube with salt in it.
Osmotic pressure is defined as the tendency for water to diffuse into a solution via osmosis. Since the membrane is not permeable to ions, the salt ions are unable to cross the membrane and make the concentrations equal on both sides of the tube. Instead, water will flow to the side that has salt until the pressure in the tube with salt equals the forces of entropy. This will result in a higher level of water on the side of the tube with salt in it.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfite react in aqueous solution via the process:
Which of the following correctly expresses the net ionic equation for this reaction?
Hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfite react in aqueous solution via the process:
Which of the following correctly expresses the net ionic equation for this reaction?
Start by writing the total ionic equation, using the following steps.
1. Break all soluble strong electrolytes, denoted by "(aq)," into their ions, indicating the number and charge of each ion.
2. Bring along unchanged any compounds denoted as "(s)," "(l)," or "(g)."
Remove any ions appearing on both sides of the reaction (any "spectator" ions) to get the net ionic equation.
Spectator ions:
Start by writing the total ionic equation, using the following steps.
1. Break all soluble strong electrolytes, denoted by "(aq)," into their ions, indicating the number and charge of each ion.
2. Bring along unchanged any compounds denoted as "(s)," "(l)," or "(g)."
Remove any ions appearing on both sides of the reaction (any "spectator" ions) to get the net ionic equation.
Spectator ions:
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The Haber-Bosch process, or simply the Haber process, is a common industrial reaction that generates ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas. A worker in a company generates ammonia from the Haber process. He then dissociates the gaseous ammonia in water to produce an aqueous solution. Since ammonia is a base, it will accept a proton from water, generating and ammonium ion products. The two reactions involved are:
The ammonium ion generated from the dissociation of ammonia is __________.
The Haber-Bosch process, or simply the Haber process, is a common industrial reaction that generates ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas. A worker in a company generates ammonia from the Haber process. He then dissociates the gaseous ammonia in water to produce an aqueous solution. Since ammonia is a base, it will accept a proton from water, generating
The ammonium ion generated from the dissociation of ammonia is __________.
Remember that there are two types of ions: cations and anions. Cations are produced when a atom of a molecule loses an electron. A neutral atom will contain no charge; however, when the atom loses an electron the atom becomes positively charged because it will contain more protons than electrons. In reaction 2, the nitrogen in ammonia loses an electron (because it shares the electron with the new hydrogen atom), which produces a positively charged ammonium ion. The ammonium ion is a cation because of this positive charge.
Anions are formed when an atom gains an electron, which makes the overall charge of an atom negative. The hydroxide ions from reaction 2 are anions.
Remember that there are two types of ions: cations and anions. Cations are produced when a atom of a molecule loses an electron. A neutral atom will contain no charge; however, when the atom loses an electron the atom becomes positively charged because it will contain more protons than electrons. In reaction 2, the nitrogen in ammonia loses an electron (because it shares the electron with the new hydrogen atom), which produces a positively charged ammonium ion. The ammonium ion is a cation because of this positive charge.
Anions are formed when an atom gains an electron, which makes the overall charge of an atom negative. The hydroxide ions from reaction 2 are anions.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Adding ammonia to a solution containing a copper hydroxide precipitate has the effect of dissolving the precipitate because __________.
Adding ammonia to a solution containing a copper hydroxide precipitate has the effect of dissolving the precipitate because __________.
The copper ion is able to form four covalent bonds. This can be explained with electron configurations.
The copper atom configuration:
The copper ion configuration:
The copper ion can accept electrons that fill empty and levels. In this example, the chemical equation is as follows:
The copper ion is able to form four covalent bonds. This can be explained with electron configurations.
The copper atom configuration:
The copper ion configuration:
The copper ion can accept electrons that fill empty
Compare your answer with the correct one above
and are alike in that __________.
Complex ions typically form when coordinate covalent bonds are formed between ligands, such as water or chloride, and metal ions that have lost electrons and have available orbitals. While one answer choice, "Both compounds are able to form coordinate covalent bonds with a metal ion," may seem correct, this happens within the compound. The compounds themselves are ions that will form ionic compounds.
Complex ions typically form when coordinate covalent bonds are formed between ligands, such as water or chloride, and metal ions that have lost electrons and have available orbitals. While one answer choice, "Both compounds are able to form coordinate covalent bonds with a metal ion," may seem correct, this happens within the compound. The compounds themselves are ions that will form ionic compounds.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which is an inaccurate depiction of the central iron atom in a hemoglobin molecule?
Which is an inaccurate depiction of the central iron atom in a hemoglobin molecule?
The central iron in hemoglobin is the middle of a complex compound and is involved in six covalent bonds (coordination number of 6). It is bonded to five nitrogen atoms, one of which is part of an amino acid in the globin protein. This leaves one remaining bond, which can be with water, oxygen, or carbon monoxide (which forms a very stable bond, making it toxic).
The central iron in hemoglobin is the middle of a complex compound and is involved in six covalent bonds (coordination number of 6). It is bonded to five nitrogen atoms, one of which is part of an amino acid in the globin protein. This leaves one remaining bond, which can be with water, oxygen, or carbon monoxide (which forms a very stable bond, making it toxic).
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Electrolytes play a big role in maintaining blood pressure. Loss of electrolytes often leads to a drop in blood pressure. What can a doctor prescribe to a patient who has very low blood pressure?
Electrolytes play a big role in maintaining blood pressure. Loss of electrolytes often leads to a drop in blood pressure. What can a doctor prescribe to a patient who has very low blood pressure?
The question states that the patient has a low blood pressure, suggesting that the patient has a low concentration of electrolytes in his blood. To counter this, the doctor must prescribe a solution that will increase the concentration of electrolytes in blood. The best solution would be to increase the consumption of salt, or sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is a strong electrolyte and will dissociate into sodium ions and chlorine ions. This will increase the blood pressure of the patient and will remedy the problem.
Spending an hour a day in a hot sauna will cause excessive sweating. Remember that salts are excreted through sweat; therefore, the electrolyte concentration, and the patient's blood pressure, will decrease further if the patient spends time in a sauna. Although lithium chloride is a strong electrolyte (like sodium chloride), the doctor will not prescribe lithium chloride because it is a toxic substance.
The question states that the patient has a low blood pressure, suggesting that the patient has a low concentration of electrolytes in his blood. To counter this, the doctor must prescribe a solution that will increase the concentration of electrolytes in blood. The best solution would be to increase the consumption of salt, or sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is a strong electrolyte and will dissociate into sodium ions and chlorine ions. This will increase the blood pressure of the patient and will remedy the problem.
Spending an hour a day in a hot sauna will cause excessive sweating. Remember that salts are excreted through sweat; therefore, the electrolyte concentration, and the patient's blood pressure, will decrease further if the patient spends time in a sauna. Although lithium chloride is a strong electrolyte (like sodium chloride), the doctor will not prescribe lithium chloride because it is a toxic substance.
Compare your answer with the correct one above