Advanced Topics
In a nutshell: Waves transfer energy and information, showing up in everything from music to medicine.
## The Physics of Vibrations and Information
Waves carry energy from one place to another—whether it's sound in the air or light across space.
### Types of Waves
- **Mechanical Waves**: Need a medium, like sound in air.
- **Electromagnetic Waves**: Travel through a vacuum, like light.
### Important Features
- Frequency, wavelength, and amplitude.
- Interference and resonance (think musical instruments).
### Real-World Relevance
- Ultrasound uses sound waves to look inside the body.
- Fiber optics use light waves to send data.
### MCAT Focus
Know Doppler effect, reflection, refraction, and how lenses and mirrors work!
Examples
- Analyzing an ultrasound image.
- Describing why a siren sounds higher-pitched as it approaches you.
Key terms
- Frequency
- The number of wave cycles per second.
- Doppler Effect
- The change in frequency due to relative motion.