Evaluate the Argument - LSAT Logical Reasoning
Card 1 of 30
Identify the term for evidence supporting a conclusion.
Identify the term for evidence supporting a conclusion.
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Premise. Premises provide the foundational evidence for the argument.
Premise. Premises provide the foundational evidence for the argument.
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Which logical fallacy involves assuming that something is true because many believe it?
Which logical fallacy involves assuming that something is true because many believe it?
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Bandwagon fallacy. Assumes popularity indicates truth or correctness.
Bandwagon fallacy. Assumes popularity indicates truth or correctness.
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What is an appeal to authority?
What is an appeal to authority?
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Using an authority figure as evidence for an argument. Relies on expert opinion as evidence for the claim.
Using an authority figure as evidence for an argument. Relies on expert opinion as evidence for the claim.
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What is meant by an argument's scope?
What is meant by an argument's scope?
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The range of cases the argument applies to. Defines the boundaries and limitations of the argument's claims.
The range of cases the argument applies to. Defines the boundaries and limitations of the argument's claims.
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Identify the term for a conclusion that doesn't logically follow its premises.
Identify the term for a conclusion that doesn't logically follow its premises.
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Non sequitur. The conclusion lacks logical connection to its premises.
Non sequitur. The conclusion lacks logical connection to its premises.
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What is the difference between a valid and a sound argument?
What is the difference between a valid and a sound argument?
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A sound argument is valid and has true premises. Validity concerns logical structure; soundness requires both validity and true premises.
A sound argument is valid and has true premises. Validity concerns logical structure; soundness requires both validity and true premises.
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Identify the fallacy of arguing that a claim is true because it has not been proven false.
Identify the fallacy of arguing that a claim is true because it has not been proven false.
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Argument from ignorance. Claims truth based on lack of evidence against it.
Argument from ignorance. Claims truth based on lack of evidence against it.
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Identify the term for an argument that assumes what it is trying to prove.
Identify the term for an argument that assumes what it is trying to prove.
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Begging the question. Creates circular reasoning by using the conclusion as evidence.
Begging the question. Creates circular reasoning by using the conclusion as evidence.
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Which fallacy involves misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack?
Which fallacy involves misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack?
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Straw man fallacy. Distorts opponent's position to make it easier to refute.
Straw man fallacy. Distorts opponent's position to make it easier to refute.
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Which logical fallacy involves attacking the person instead of the argument?
Which logical fallacy involves attacking the person instead of the argument?
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Ad hominem. Targets the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.
Ad hominem. Targets the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.
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What is a causal argument?
What is a causal argument?
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An argument that asserts one event causes another. Claims one event directly produces or influences another.
An argument that asserts one event causes another. Claims one event directly produces or influences another.
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What is the term for reasoning based on similarities between two cases?
What is the term for reasoning based on similarities between two cases?
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Analogical reasoning. Draws conclusions based on parallels between different situations.
Analogical reasoning. Draws conclusions based on parallels between different situations.
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What is an ad populum fallacy?
What is an ad populum fallacy?
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Appealing to popular opinion as evidence. Equivalent to bandwagon fallacy; relies on popular support as evidence.
Appealing to popular opinion as evidence. Equivalent to bandwagon fallacy; relies on popular support as evidence.
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What does it mean to evaluate an argument's validity?
What does it mean to evaluate an argument's validity?
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To assess if the conclusion logically follows the premises. Determines whether premises logically support the conclusion.
To assess if the conclusion logically follows the premises. Determines whether premises logically support the conclusion.
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What is a necessary condition in an argument?
What is a necessary condition in an argument?
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A condition that must be true for the conclusion to hold. Required for the conclusion; without it, the conclusion cannot be true.
A condition that must be true for the conclusion to hold. Required for the conclusion; without it, the conclusion cannot be true.
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What is a sufficient condition in an argument?
What is a sufficient condition in an argument?
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A condition that, if true, guarantees the conclusion. Alone guarantees the conclusion will follow when present.
A condition that, if true, guarantees the conclusion. Alone guarantees the conclusion will follow when present.
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What is the primary function of an argument's conclusion?
What is the primary function of an argument's conclusion?
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To summarize the main claim or point. The conclusion is the main point the argument aims to establish.
To summarize the main claim or point. The conclusion is the main point the argument aims to establish.
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What is a false cause fallacy?
What is a false cause fallacy?
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Assuming a false causal relationship between events. Incorrectly attributes causation without proper evidence.
Assuming a false causal relationship between events. Incorrectly attributes causation without proper evidence.
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Which logical fallacy involves making a broad claim based on limited evidence?
Which logical fallacy involves making a broad claim based on limited evidence?
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Hasty generalization. Draws overly broad conclusions from insufficient sample size.
Hasty generalization. Draws overly broad conclusions from insufficient sample size.
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What is meant by the term 'logical consistency'?
What is meant by the term 'logical consistency'?
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The absence of contradictions in a set of statements. All statements work together without internal conflicts or contradictions.
The absence of contradictions in a set of statements. All statements work together without internal conflicts or contradictions.
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What is the fallacy of composition?
What is the fallacy of composition?
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Assuming what is true of a part is true of the whole. Incorrectly applies part characteristics to the entire whole.
Assuming what is true of a part is true of the whole. Incorrectly applies part characteristics to the entire whole.
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Which fallacy involves drawing a conclusion from insufficient evidence?
Which fallacy involves drawing a conclusion from insufficient evidence?
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Hasty generalization. Reaches broad conclusions from too few examples or cases.
Hasty generalization. Reaches broad conclusions from too few examples or cases.
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What is meant by the term 'burden of proof'?
What is meant by the term 'burden of proof'?
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The obligation to provide evidence supporting a claim. Whoever makes a claim must provide supporting evidence.
The obligation to provide evidence supporting a claim. Whoever makes a claim must provide supporting evidence.
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What is the purpose of an argument's introduction?
What is the purpose of an argument's introduction?
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To present the topic and main thesis. Establishes context and states the central claim to be defended.
To present the topic and main thesis. Establishes context and states the central claim to be defended.
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Identify the part of an argument that explains how evidence supports the conclusion.
Identify the part of an argument that explains how evidence supports the conclusion.
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Justification. Provides the reasoning that connects evidence to the conclusion.
Justification. Provides the reasoning that connects evidence to the conclusion.
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What is circular reasoning?
What is circular reasoning?
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An argument that restates its conclusion as a premise. Uses the conclusion as evidence for itself in circular fashion.
An argument that restates its conclusion as a premise. Uses the conclusion as evidence for itself in circular fashion.
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What is an appeal to emotion?
What is an appeal to emotion?
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Using emotional responses as evidence for an argument. Manipulates feelings rather than providing logical evidence.
Using emotional responses as evidence for an argument. Manipulates feelings rather than providing logical evidence.
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What is the term for reasoning from an effect back to a cause?
What is the term for reasoning from an effect back to a cause?
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Abductive reasoning. Infers the most likely explanation for observed phenomena.
Abductive reasoning. Infers the most likely explanation for observed phenomena.
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What is a red herring in an argument?
What is a red herring in an argument?
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An irrelevant topic introduced to divert attention. Distracts from the main issue with irrelevant information.
An irrelevant topic introduced to divert attention. Distracts from the main issue with irrelevant information.
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Identify the logical fallacy of presenting only two options when more exist.
Identify the logical fallacy of presenting only two options when more exist.
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False dilemma. Artificially limits options when more alternatives exist.
False dilemma. Artificially limits options when more alternatives exist.
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