KINDERGARTEN SCIENCE (NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS) • MOTION AND STABILITY: FORCES AND INTERACTIONS

Compare how harder or softer pushes change object motion.

Find out what happens when you push things hard or soft!

People Have Always Pushed Things!

People have been pushing things for a very long time. Let's see how people learned about pushes!

Long Ago
Rolling Rocks
Long ago, people pushed big rocks to build things. They learned that a harder push moved rocks farther!
Old Times
Balls and Games
People made balls to play with. They saw that a hard push sent a ball far away. A soft push kept it close.
A While Ago
Isaac Newton
A scientist named Isaac Newton watched how things move. He helped us understand pushes and pulls.
Today
You Are a Scientist!
Now YOU can learn about pushes! You can watch what happens when you push things.

Here is a big question for us. What happens when we push something hard? What happens when we push it softly? Let's find out together!

Big Ideas About Pushes

A push is when you press on something to move it away from you. A push is one kind of force. That means a force is a push or a pull. Today we will learn about pushes!

1

Pushes Move Things

When you push something, it moves! A toy car stays still until you push it.
2

Hard Push = Fast and Far

A hard push makes things go fast. They can go very far, too!
3

Soft Push = Slow and Close

A soft push makes things go slowly. They stop close to you.
4

You Choose How Hard!

You can choose to push hard or soft. It changes how the thing moves!
KEY TAKEAWAY
Think about blowing on a dandelion. A big blow sends the seeds flying far away. A tiny blow only moves a few seeds a little bit. Pushes work the same way!

See the Difference!

Look at this picture. It shows what happens when you push a ball softly and when you push a ball hard.

The top picture shows a soft push. The ball moves just a little bit. The bottom picture shows a hard push. The ball goes far away!

Did you see? The soft push made a small arrow. The ball only went a little bit. The hard push made a big arrow. The ball went far!

How Pushes Work

When you push something, your hands use force. Remember, a force is a push or a pull. More force means a harder push!

Think about pushing a swing. A little push makes it swing a little. A big push makes it swing high! You used more force with the big push.

🔍 Try This!
Roll a ball on the floor. First push it softly. Watch how far it goes. Now push it harder. Did it go farther? You are being a scientist! You are observing. That means watching carefully to see what happens.

Scientists watch things move. They ask questions. They try things out. You can do that too! When you push a toy and watch it move, you are doing science.

Different Pushes, Different Results

Let's look at three ways to push a toy truck. Each push is different!

A soft push moves the truck a little. A medium push moves it more. A hard push moves it very far and very fast!

Look at the arrows. The bigger the arrow, the harder the push. A bigger push means more force. More force makes the truck go faster and farther!

How pushes change how things move
Type of PushHow Fast?How Far?
Soft pushSlowA little bit
Medium pushMedium speedFarther
Hard pushFast!Very far!

Let's Try It Together!

Let's think about pushing a toy car on a smooth floor. We will watch what happens!

Pushing a Toy Car
1
Step 1 — Push the Car SoftlyYou put your hand behind the car. You give it a soft, gentle push.
The car rolls a little bit. It moves slowly and stops close to you.
2
Step 2 — Push the Car HardNow you push the same car again. This time you push hard!
The car zooms across the floor! It moves fast and goes far away.
3
Step 3 — Compare What You SawWe can compare the two pushes. The soft push made the car go slowly and stop nearby. The hard push made the car go fast and far.
A harder push uses more force and makes the car move faster and farther!

Great job! You just did what scientists do. You observed what happened. That means you watched carefully. Then you compared two things!

Pushes Are All Around Us!

You use pushes every day! Let's look at some times you push hard and some times you push softly.

Pushes you do every day!
Soft PushesHard Pushes
Petting a kitten gentlyKicking a soccer ball far
Closing a book softlyThrowing a ball to a friend far away
Rolling a ball to a friend nearbyPushing a heavy box across the floor
KEY TAKEAWAY
Think about closing a door. If you push it softly, it closes slowly and quietly. If you push it hard, it slams shut fast! You pick how hard to push based on what you want to happen.

There Is Even More to Learn!

Today we learned about pushes. But did you know there are pulls too? A pull is when you move something toward you. Pushes and pulls are both forces!

Today and tomorrow!
What We Learned TodayWhat We Will Learn Later
A push moves things away from youA pull moves things toward you
Harder pushes make things go faster and fartherHarder pulls make things come toward you faster
We observed and comparedWe will plan and test new ideas

You are on your way to thinking like a scientist! Keep watching how things move. Keep asking questions. You are amazing!

Practice Time!

Here is a story! Emma and Liam are at the playground. They are playing with a red wagon. Let's think about what happens when they push the wagon!

PROBLEM 1CONCEPTUAL
Emma pushes the red wagon softly. What happens to the wagon? A) It stays still and does not move at all. B) It moves slowly and goes a little bit. C) It moves very fast and goes far away.
PROBLEM 2BASIC
Liam pushes the wagon very hard. Emma pushed it softly before. Who used more force? A) Emma, because she went first. B) They both used the same force. C) Liam, because he pushed harder.
PROBLEM 3INTERMEDIATE
Emma pushes the wagon softly. Then she pushes it a little harder. Then she pushes it very hard. What pattern do you see? A) The wagon goes the same distance each time. B) The wagon goes farther each time she pushes harder. C) The wagon slows down each time.
PROBLEM 4APPLIED
Liam wants to push the wagon to Emma. She is standing very close to him. Should Liam push the wagon hard or soft? Why? A) He should push hard so it gets there fast. B) He should push soft because she is close. C) It does not matter how he pushes.
PROBLEM 5CRITICAL THINKING
Think and share! You want to push a ball just a little bit. Should you push it hard or soft? How did you decide? Tell a friend or draw a picture of your answer.

What We Learned Today

Today we learned that a push makes things move. A push is a kind of force. A soft push makes things go slowly and stop nearby. A hard push makes things go fast and far. The harder you push, the faster and farther something goes!

We used observation to watch how things move. We looked for patterns. We thought about cause and effect. The push is the cause. The movement is the effect. You are a scientist! Keep pushing, watching, and asking questions!

Varsity Tutors • Kindergarten Science (Next Generation Science Standards) • Compare how harder or softer pushes change object motion.